Exam 4 Flashcards
Brains role
Information processing, memory, emotion
97% of nerve tissue
Four major regions of the brain
-cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-diencephalon
-brainstem
Cerebrum
Intellect, memory, personality
Cerebellum
Repeated patterns like walking
Diencephalon
Mid brain, compose of thalamus and hypothalamus
Brain stem
Contains neurons that connect cerebrum and cerebellum
Thalamus
All sensation pass through here (taste, hearing,vision…) , traffic director for impulse
Hypothalamus
Controls homeostatic mechanisms, eating reflexes, hormones
3 structures of the brain stem?
-Midbrain
-pons
-medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Superior part of brain stem, smooth motor function
Pons
Links brain to cerebellum, motor info to cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Autonomic functions
Ventricals *
-space that makes CSF
- four chambers in the brain
- chorachoid plexus is a region of capillary’s within that makes CSF
- CSF supports and cushions brain, transports waste, nutrients, and chemical messages
Carotid artery
Delivers blood to the brain, high blood pressure
Blood brain barrier
Astrocytes appendages wrap around capillaries
Proprioception
Awareness of body position
Limbus stystem
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Memory center
Amygdala
Emotional personality
Outputs colosum
Glue holding lines together
Left brain
Science and math
Right brain
Creative and abstract
Frontal lobe
Movement
Parietal
Sensory, skin
Temporal
Hearing and smell
Occipital lobe
Vision
Wernicke
Understanding language
Brocas
Creating speech
Acronym?
On occasion our trusty truck acts funny. Very good vechical any how
Receptive field
Area of skin a neuron is responsible for
Small receptive field
More sensitive
Large receptive field
Less sensitive
Fast adapting
Temperature receptors
Slow adapting
Pain receptors
Nociceptors
Pain, tissue damage
Thermoreceptors
Temperature
Mechanoreceptors
Touch
Chemoreceptors
Chemical
Barorecepter
Pressure/ stretching
Proprioceptor
Balance
Photoreceptor
Light
1st order neuron
Sensory
2ed order neuron
Interneuron
3ed order
In thalamus
Decussation
Is when the 2ed neuron switches to the other side of the the CNS
Sensory cortex
Parietal lobe, general sensation
Preganglionic
Attaches to cns and ganglionic neuron
Ganglionic
Attaches to preganlionic and target tissue
Somatic nervous*
-skeletal muscle
- conscious and subconscious
- muscle contraction
- acetocholine
Autonomic nervous system
- smooth muscle, cardiac, glands
- unconscious
- stimulate or inhibits
- ach and NE
Parasympathetic
- energy conservation
- Decrease heart rate
- decrease resperation
- bronchus constructs
- Pupils constrict
Sympathetic
- use energy
- increase heart rate
- increase resperation
- bronchus dilates
- pupils dilate
- fight or flight
Adrenal medulla
Synapses within gland, secretes NE and Ach
Cholinergic
Synapses with Ach
Adrenergic
Synapses with NE
Alpha
Stimulated by NE and E, increase heart rate and blood pressure
Beta 1
Uses E for stimulation
Beta 2
Uses E for relaxation
Taste interpretated?
Insula and frontal lobe
Sweet
Carbohydrates
Salty
Chloride ion
Sour
Hydrogen ion acidic
Bitter
Hydroxide ion basic
Umami
Savory,gludimate
Water
Hydration level
Eyelid
Palpabrea
Eyelashes
Prevent debris
Tarsal gland
Oil to lubricate eye lid
Lacrimal aparadis
Tears to lubricate and clean eye
Sclera
Protective white part
Cornea
Transparent, refracts light
Choroid
Brown, circulation
Dilator
Dilates iris
Sphincter
Constricts iris
Ciliary muscles
Changes lens
Retina
Photoreceptive layer
Rods
Detects light
Cones
Detects colors, red blue green
Aqueous humor
Anterior
Vitreous humor
Posterior
Cataracts
Loss of transparency
Astigmatism
Improper refractions
Focal point
Refract and focus light on retina
Accommodation: close
Round
Accommodation: far
Flat
Myopia
Nearsighted, before retina
Hyperopia
Farsighted, behind retina
Impulse pathway
Ross and cones-> optic nerve-> optic chasim-> occipital lobe
Pinna
Funnels sound wave, cartilage
Tympanic membrane
Sound waves, ear drum
Ceruminous gland
Makes ear wax
Ear bones
Malleus, incus, stapes
Auditory tube
Equalizes pressure
Tensor tempani
Connects to malleus, tension on ear drum
Stapedious
Connects to stapes and prevents to much movement
Boney laberanth
Protects inner membranous labyrinth of ear