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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of nervous system

A

Maintaining homeostasis

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2
Q

Homeostatic mechanism

A

1: sensor (sensory)
2: control center (inter)
3: effector (motor)

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3
Q

Two branches of the nervous system

A

Central nervous
Peripheral nervous

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4
Q

Sections of the CNS

A

Brain
Spinal cord
(Interneurons)

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5
Q

Sections of the PNS

A

Sensory
Motor

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6
Q

Sections of motor

A

Somatic- voluntary
Autonomic- involuntary

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7
Q

Different autonomic

A

Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic- fight or flight

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8
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Receptors at the end of soma

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10
Q

Axon

A

Tail of cell

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11
Q

Axon hillock

A

Axon attaches to soma

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12
Q

Telodendria

A

Tail end of axion

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13
Q

Axon terminal

A

At the ends of the teledendria

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14
Q

Myelin sheaths

A

Cell like structure on axon

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15
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Spaces between myelin sheaths

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16
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Delivers information from receptors to the CNS

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17
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry instructions from CNS to muscles

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18
Q

Interneurons

A

In the CNS, over 90% of neurons

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19
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

Off to the side of the axon

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20
Q

Multipolar

A

Single axon multiple dendrites

21
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supportive cell, helps with protection and function

22
Q

Astrocytes

A

CNS, blood brain barrier

23
Q

Ependymal cell

A

CNS, cerebral spinal fluid

24
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

CNS, Wraps around axon to make sheaths for protection

25
Q

Microglia

A

CNS, immune function

26
Q

Schwann cell

A

PNS, wraps around axon for protection

27
Q

Satellite cell

A

PNS, Regulates environment around neurons

28
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Regulates chemicals in circulation, protect neural tissue

29
Q

What are myelin sheaths made of

A

Lipids

30
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

A neuron has not been stimulated -70mV

31
Q

Where to the ions rest?

A

Na+ rests outside
K+ rests inside

32
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Returns Na outside and K inside 3:2

33
Q

Threshold

A

Bring membrane to -60mV

34
Q

Depolarization

A

1, Na+ enters the cell

35
Q

Peak potential

A

Top of the graph +30mV

36
Q

Repolarization

A

2, K leaves the cell

37
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

3, down to -90mV, gates shut

38
Q

Refractory period

A

Cell cannot be stimulated

39
Q

Step 4

A

Sodium potassium pump puts ions back 3Na:2K

40
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Increase speed of AP by allowing it to skip over sections of axon

41
Q

Excitatory

A

Promotes AP, depolarization

42
Q

Inhibitory

A

Decreases AP, hyperpolarization

43
Q

Norepinephrine/ epinephrine

A

Cardiac contraction

44
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Contracts skeletal muscle, inhibits cardiac

45
Q

Melatonin

A

Helps with sleep

46
Q

GABA

A

Calming

47
Q

Temporal summation

A

Repeated stimulation

48
Q

Spatial summation

A

Multiple signals at once

Anatomy And Physiology (18 decks)

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