Exam 4 Flashcards
Gastrocnemius Muscle
O: Posterior condyles of the femur
I: Posterior calcaneus
A: Knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
Soleus Muscle
O: Posterior Fibula and Tibia
I: posterior calcaneus
A: Ankle plantar flexion
Peroneus Muscle (3 muscles)
O: Fibula
I: Lateral foot
A: Eversion
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle
O: Tibia and Fibula
I: Middle and distal phalanxes of the 4 lesser toes
A: Extension
Hallucis Muscle
No origin or insertion
A: Movement of great toes
Tibialis Anterior Muscle
O: Lateral Tibia
I: Medial cuneiform
A: Dorsi flexion and inversion
Tibialis Posterior Muscle
O: Posterior tibia and fibula
I: Plantar surface of tarsal bones
A: Plantar flexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot
Whats the order of Normal Gait?
- Heel strike
- Foot flat
- Toe off
Whats the weight distribution order from ground up?
Ground, calcaneus, talus, tibia
What holds the tibia and fibula together?
Interosseous membrane
What are the 3 parts of the foot?
- Rearfoot- heel strike
- Midfoot- foot flat
- Forefoot- toe off
What are the 3 ligaments in the Tibiofibular Joint?
Anterior tibiofibular ligament, Posterior tibiofibular ligament, and interosseous membrane
Whats another name for the Tibiofibular Joint?
High ankle sprain (joint)
What are the 3 bones that make up the ankle joint?
- Talus
- Distal fibula
- Distal Tibia
Whats another name for the Ankle Joint?
Talocrural Joint
Plantar flexion degrees
50 degrees (pointing foot down)
Dorsi Flexion degrees
20 degrees (pointing foot up)
What makes up the Subtalar Joint
Talus and Calcaneus
Ankle inversion
20-30 degrees
Ankle eversion
5-15 degress
What are the 3 ligaments in the lateral ankle?
- Anterior Talofibular ligament
- Posterior Talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament
Whats another name for the lateral ankle?
Inversion ankle sprain
What are the 4 ligaments in the medial ankle?
- Anterior Tibiotalar ligament
- Posterior Tibiotalar ligament
- Tibiocavicular ligament
- Talocalcaneal ligament
What are the other 2 name for the medial ankle?
Eversion ankle sprain and the deltoid ligament
Which ligaments work collectively as collateral ligaments?
The medial and lateral ligaments (7)
What are the 3 arches?
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
Plantar Fascia
very thick piece of tissue that helps to stabilize the arches
What are the 4 compartments of the leg?
Anterior compartment, lateral compartment, superficial posterior and deep posterior
Anterior Compartment
Muscles that dorsiflexes the ankle and extends the toes
Lateral compartment
muscles that everts the ankle
Superior posterior / deep posterior
plantar flexors and toe flexors are located
What makes up the compartments?
muscles, nerves and arteries
Rectus Femoris Muscle (1/4 quads)
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Superior patella and tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension and hip flexion
Vastus Lateralis Muscle (2/4 quads)
O: Greater Trochanter and Linea aspera
I: Lateral patella and tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension
Vastus Intermedius Muscle (3/4 quads)
O: Anterior femur
I: Superior patella and tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension
Vastus Medialis Muscle (4/4 quads)
O: Linea Aspera
I: Medial patella and tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension
Semitendinosus Muscle (1/3 hammies)
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Pes Anserine
A: Flexion of knee and extension of hip
Semimembranosus Muscle (2/3 hammies)
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of the tibia
A: Flexion of knee and extension of hip
Biceps Femoris Muscle (3/3 hammies)
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Head of fibula
A: Flexion of knee and extension of hip
Popliteus Muscle
O: Posterior lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior Tibia
A: Knee flexion and internal rotation of the flexed knee
What 2 joints make up the Knee Joint?
Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Joint
What kind of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone
As the tibiofemoral joint flexes,
stress at the patellofemoral joint increases
Another name for Medial Collateral ligament?
Tibial collateral ligament
Another name for the lateral collateral ligament?
Fibular collateral ligament
What 2 things does the Anterior cruciate ligament do?
-Keeps the tibia from sliding forward
-Helps control and limit rotation
What group of dynamic stabilizers help the ACL?
The hamstrings
What happens when the hamstrings concentrically contract?
They move the tibia backwards
What 2 things does the Posterior cruciate ligament do?
-prevent tibia from sliding backwards
-prevents, reduces, and controls rotation
What group of dynamic stabilizers help the PCL?
The quads
What happens when the quads concentrically contract?
they move the tibia forwards
There is a medial and lateral one of these AND it is considered fibrocartilage?
Menisci
How many menisci are there?
4; 2 in both knees
Both Menisci are attached to the tibia in 2 places, where is that?
The anterior and posterior horn
Anterior cruciate ligament
ACL
Posterior cruciate ligament
PCL
Medial collateral ligament
MCL
Laterla collateral ligament
LCL
Suprapateller bursa
Between femur and quads tendon
Infrapatellar bursa
Between tibia and patella tendon
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
Just under skin
Bursar is a ?
Shock absorber and reduces friction
Knee flexion
140 degrees
Knee extension
0 degrees (10 degrees of hyper extension)
Screw home mechanism
In order for the knee to fully extend, it has to externally rotate (v. medialis)
In order for the knee to flex, it has to internally rotate (popliteus)
Q-angle
3 locations
1. Anterior superior iliac spine
2. Center of the patella
3. Tibias tuberosity
Q-angle greater than 25 degrees means?
Tight lateral structures
What does the MCL and LCL prevent?
Frontal plane motion
