Exam 1: Part 1 Flashcards
Kinesiology
Study of motion or human movement
Structural kinesiology
study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement
what are the 3 planes of motion?
Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse
What does the sagittal plane do?
Flection and extension
What does the frontal plane do?
Abduction and adduction
What does the transverse plane do?
Rotation
What axis is the sagittal plane in?
Frontal axis
What axis is the frontal plane in?
sagittal axis
What axis is the transverse plane in?
vertical axis
How does the sagittal plane and axis divide the body?
bilateral
How does the frontal plane and axis divide the body?
Into anterior and posterior
How does the transverse plane and axis divide the body?
Into inferior and superior
A joint is more stable…
The less mobile it is
A joint is less stable…
the more mobile it is
What is the axial made up of?
The head, neck, and trunk
What is the appendicular made up of?
upper and lower limbs
What are the 5 types of bone?
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
Sesamoid bone can…
change the angle of the pull in the tendon
Sesamoid bone is encapsulated in…
a tendon
ex: patella
Where is the epiphysis located?
at the end of long bone
What does articular cartilage cover?
Epiphysis
What’s the primary function of the epiphysis?
Friction reduction b/c its needs to stay as smooth as possible
What is articulation?
connection of two bones at the joint
What are the 3 major classifications of joints?
Synarthrodial, Amphiarthrodial, Diarthrodial
Synarthrodial Joints
immovable joints
ex: suture such as skull sutures
Amphiarthrodial Joints
slightly movable joints
ex: distal tibiofibular joint
Diarthrodial/Synovioal Joints
Freely movable joints; secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity and supplies nutrition
Static Stability
bone, cartilage, ligaments, capsule
Dynamic stability
muscles and tendons
What’s the name for specialized cartilage in the Synovial joints?
Fibrocartilage
What’s the two functions of Fibrocartilage?
- Shock absorption
- Increasing stability
Degrees of Freedom is determined by?
The number of planes of motion
What are the 6 types of diarthrodial/synovial joints?
- Arthodial
- Ginglymus
- Trochoid
- Condyloid
- Enarthrodial
- Sellar
What do arthrodial joints do?
Only gliding motions occur
What do Ginglymus joints do?
Hinge
What do Trochoid Joints do?
only allow rotation
What do Condyloid joints do?
metacarpophalangeal joint; ball and socket joint
What do enarthrodial joints do?
They’re the most movable in the body; has all 3 planes of motion
What do sellar joints do?
Only TWO in the body; 1st carpometacarpal joint in the thumb (not whole thumb)
What’s another name for physiological motion/movement?
Osteokinematic motion
Examples of Osteokinematic motion are…?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation
What’s another name for Accessory motion/movement?
Arthrokinematic motion
Examples of Arthrokinematic motion are…?
Roll, spin, glide, and slide
Arthrokinematic motion must occur for…?
Osteokinematic motion to occur
When a joint is unstable, it negatively impacts what?
Arthrokinematic motion (which impacts osteokinematic motion)
What’s the purpose of Arthrokinematic motion?
to keep the two articulating surfaces in contact with each other
What’s the purpose of Osteokinematic motion?
Occurs only in planes
