Exam 4 Flashcards
What are the stages for Traditional Gait?
- Heel Strike
- Foot Flat
- Midstance
- Heel Off
- Toe Off
- Acceleration
- Midswing
- Deceleration
What are the stages for Rancho Los Amigos Gait?
- Initial Contact
- Loading Response
- Midstance
- Terminal Stance
- Preswing
- Initial Swing
- Midswing
- Terminal Swing
What percentage of normal gait is spent in the stance phase?
60%
What percentage of normal gait is spent in the swing phase?
40%
What is double support, when does it occur, and for how much of the gait cycle does it occur?
- Double support is when two feet are in contact with the floor at the same time
- It happens at (R) heel off/(L) heel strike and (R) toe off/(L) foot flat
- 10% of the gait cycle
What is Nonsupport and when does it happen?
- When neither feet are in contact with the ground at the same time
- Only occurs during running, skipping, hopping, or jumping
What is single support, when does it occur, and for how much of the gait cycle does it occur?
- Single support is when only one foot is in contact with the ground at a time
- Occurs when the opposite foot is in swing phase
- 40% of the gait cycle
When is the body at it’s Lowest point in the gait cycle?
At heel strike
What position is the ankle in during heel strike?
Neutral
When is the body at it’s Highest point in the gait cycle?
At midstance
To what degree does the ankle dorsiflex during heel off before beginning to plantar flex?
15 degrees
To what degree does the ankle plantar flex during toe off?
10 degrees
At which stage of the gait cycle is the knee flexed the most, and to what degree is it flexed?
- Midswing
- 65 degrees
What type of abnormal gait is characterized by the trunk shifting posteriorly at heel strike. AKA Rocking Horse Gait.
Gluteus Maximus Gait
What type of abnormal gait is characterized by the trunk shifting to the affected side during swing phase?
Gluteus Medius Gait or Trendelenburg
What type of abnormal gait is characterized by a reversal of muscle action or using the hands to manually push the knee into extension?
Quadriceps Weakness
What type of abnormal gait is characterized by the knee going into excessive hyperextension (genu recurvatum) or the knee “slapping” into extension during the swing phase?
Hamstring Weakness
What is responsible for the Foot Slap or Foot Drop gait?
Dorsiflexion weakness
What type of abnormal gait is characterized by no heel rise at push off, shortened step length on the unaffected side, a “sore foot limp”, and is most pronounced when walking up an incline?
Triceps Surae weakness
What type of abnormal gait is characterized by little or no reciprocal pelvis and trunk rotation, the entire side of the body swinging forward to swing the leg forward, and the pressence of lumbar lordosis and steppage?
Waddling Gait
Which types of abnormal gait patterns are caused by Neurologic disorders?
- Hemiplegic
- Ataxic
- Parkinsonian
- Scissor
- Crouch
Which type of abnormal gait is characterized by the person shifting their body to the uninvolved side, circumducting the affected limb during swing phase, landing flat-footed, lacking reciprocal arm swing, and a step length that is longer on the affected side?
Hemiplegic Gait
Which type of abnormal gait is characterized by trouble with balance, wide base of support, jerky movements, difficulty walking in a straight line, and jerky arm motion?
Ataxic Gait
Which type of abnormal gait is characterized by flexion of the LE and trunk, deminished arm swing, shuffling gait, difficulty initiating movements, and “Festinating Gait”?
Parkinsonian Gait
Which type of abnormal gait is characterized by excessive lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, hip and knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion, and exaggerated arm swing?
Crouch Gait
O, I, A, & N of the Upper Trapezius
O: Occipital Bone, Nuchal Ligament on Upper Cervical Spinous Processes
I: Outer Third of Clavical, Acromion Process
A: Scapular Elevation & Upward Rotation
N: Spinal Accessory (Cranial Nerve 11)
C3, C4
O, I, A, & N of the Middle Trapezius
O: Spinous Processes of C7-T3 I: Scapular Spine A: Scapular Retraction N: Spinal Accessory (Cranial Nerve 11) C3, C4
O, I, A, & N of the Lower Trapezius
O: Spinous Processes of Middle & Lower Vertebrae I: Base of Scapular Spine A: Scapular Depression & Upward Rotation N: Spinal Accessory (Cranial Nerve 11) C3, C4
O, I, A, & N of the Levator Scapula
O: Transverse Process of C1-C4
I: Vertebral Border of Scapula between the Superior Angle & Spine
A: Scapular Elevation & Downward Rotation
N: 3rd & 4th Cervical Nerve & Dorsal Scapular Nerve
C5
What are the attachment points for the rotator cuff muscles?
The greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?
The Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor
Which muscles attach to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
The Subscapularis
Where is the Coracohumeral Ligament located, what does it attach to, and what does it do?
- The superior aspect of the shoulder
- Attaches from the lateral side of the coracoid process to the medial side of the greater tubercle
- It strengthens the upper part of the joint capsule
Where is the Glenohumeral Ligament located and what does it do?
- The anterior aspect of the shoulder
- Reinforces the anterior portion of the capsule
What is the Glenoid Labrum and what does it do?
- It is fibrous tissue surrounding the glenoid fossa
- It deepens the articular cavity
What is another name for the Thoracolumbar Fascia, what is it, what does it attach to, and what does it do?
- AKA Lumbar Aponeurosis
- It is a superficial fibrous sheet
- It attaches to the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebra, supraspinal ligament, and the posterior part of the iliac crest
- It provides a broad attachment for the latissimus dorsi
What is the Rotator Cuff and what does it do?
- It is a tendinous band formed by the insertions of the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis
- These muscles help keep the head of the humerus “rotating” against the glenoid fossa by stabilizing/depressing the humerus in the glenoid
How far can the Glenohumeral Joint flex before the scapula starts to move with it?
120 Degrees
How far can the Glenohumeral Joint abduct before the scapula starts to move with it?
120 Degrees
