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Kinesiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Motion which occurs in a more or less straight line from one location to another. All parts of the object move the same distance, in the same direction, and at the same time.

A

Linear Motion

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2
Q

Type of linear motion which occurs in a straight line, such as the motion of a child sledding down a hill, or a sailboarder moving across the water.

A

Rectilinear Motion

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3
Q

Type of linear motion which occurs in a curved path that is not necessarily circular, such as the path a diver takes after leaving the diving board until entering the water.

A

Curvilinear Motion

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4
Q

Motion which occurs when an object moves around a fixed point, such as human joint which move around an axis.

A

Angular Motion

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5
Q

Forces causing movement

A

Kinetics

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6
Q

Time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system, describing POSITIONS AND MOTIONS of the body

A

Kinematics

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7
Q

The anatomical position is considered 0 degrees for all joints in goniometry except for which body part/s

A

The forearms

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8
Q

What position describes the entire body at 0 degrees in goniometry

A

The Fundamental Position

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9
Q

In descriptive positional terms, what word means “both sides of the body”

A

Bilateral

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10
Q

In descriptive positional terms, what word means “same side of the body as…”

A

Ipsilateral

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11
Q

In descriptive positional terms, what word means “opposite side of the body as…”

A

Contralateral

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12
Q

Type of joint motion which means the joint is bi-planar and bi-axial (the joint can flex/extend AND abd/add)

A

Circumduction

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13
Q

Define Center of Gravity

A

It is the intersection of the 3 cardinal planes

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14
Q

What type of bone makes up the hard, dense outer layer of all bones

A

Compact Bone

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15
Q

What type of bone makes up the porous spongy inside portion made up of thin columns and plates called the trabeculae

A

Cancellous Bone

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16
Q

Cartlaginous material in long bones where longitudinal growth occurs through the manufacturing of new bone

A

Epyphiseal Plate

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17
Q

What is the purpose of sesamoid bones

A

They protect tendons from excess wear. The patella has the additional function of increasing the angle of pull of the quadraceps muscle

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18
Q

What type of bone markings are Foramen, Fossa, Groove, Meatus, and Sinus categorized under

A

Depressions and Openings

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19
Q

What type of bone markings are Condyle, Eminence, Facet, and Head categorized under

A

Projections and Processes That Fit Into Joints

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20
Q

What type of bone markings are Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Spine, Tubercle, Tuberosity, and Trochanter categorized under

A

Projections and Processes That Attach Connective Tissue

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21
Q

What is the name of the membrane that lines the medullary canal

A

Endosteum

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22
Q

The main shaft of bone is called what

A

Diaphysis

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23
Q

What are the 2 types of epiphyses found in children

A

Pressure and Traction

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24
Q

Type of epiphyses located at the end of long bones in children, where they receive pressure from the opposing bone making up that joint, and where growth of long bone occurs

A

Pressure Epiphyses

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25
Q

Type of epiphyses located wear tendons attach to bone in children and are subjected to a pulling, or traction force

A

Traction Epiphyses

26
Q

What are the 3 types of joint structures

A
  • Synarthrosis/Fibrous
  • Amphiarthrosis/Cartlaginous
  • Diarthrosis/Synovial (Capsule)
27
Q

What are the 2 shapes of joints

A
  • Ovoid/Condyloid (one side concave, one side convex)

- Sellar (Both sides have concave and convex surfaces)

28
Q

What are the key characteristics of a diarthrosis/synovial joint

A
  • A capsule
  • Synovial membrane (lines capsule)
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular cartilage
29
Q

What type of joint structure connects bone to muscle

A

Tendon

30
Q

What type of joint structure pads and protects areas of great friction

A

Bursa

31
Q

What are the two joint terms that could be used to describe the symphysis pubis

A

Amphiarthrosis/Cartilaginous

32
Q

What join structure surrounds and encases the joint and protects the articular surfaces

A

Joint Capsule

33
Q

Joint Accessory Motion or Arthrokinematic motion which happens when bewteen joint surfaces when the connected bones are moved passively

A

Joint Play

34
Q

When joint surfaces have maximum contact with each other, are tightly compressed, and are difficult to distract (separate)

A

Close-packed or Congruent

35
Q

Name and describe the joint motions

A

Traction: bones of the joint are pulled apart
Compression: bones of the joint are pushed together
Shearing: bones of the joint glide across each other

36
Q

Name and desccribe the different types of Diarthrodial/Synovial Joints

A

Plane: Nonaxial, Gliding motion. Ex. Carpals
Hinge: Uniaxial, Flex/Ext. Ex. Elbow, Knee, PIP, DIP
Pivot: Uniaxial, Rotate. Ex. Radius/Ulna, Axis/Atlas
Condyloid: Biaxial, Flex/Ext, Abd/Add. Ex. Wrist, MCPs
Saddle: Biaxial, Flex/Ext, Abd/Add. Ex. First MCP
Ball and Socket: Triaxial, Flex/Ext, Abd/Add, Rotate. Ex. Shoulder, Hip

37
Q

Joint surfaces pull apart from one another

A

Traction Force causes Joint Distraction

38
Q

Joint surfaces are pushed closer together

A

Compression Force causes Joint Approximation

39
Q

Joint surface action of GH Abduction

A

Shearing Force causes Gliding Motion

40
Q

Joint surface action caused when an other than vertical force causes compression on the concave side and distraction on the convex side

A

Bending

41
Q

Joint twisting motion

A

Torsion

42
Q

Deals with forces CAUSING movement in a system

-Pushing, pulling forces: Gravity and Torque

A

Kinetics

43
Q

Deals with forces involved in time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system

  • osteokinematics
  • arthrokinematics
A

Kinematics

44
Q

Type of force which describes magnitude

  • Length, area, volume, and weight
  • Ex. 5 feet, 2 acres, 12 ounces, and 150 pounds
A

Scalar Force

45
Q

Typr of force which describes both magnitude and direction

  • Ex. person pulling a rope
    • tenson on rope = magnitude
    • direction of rope = direction of vector
A

Vector Force

46
Q

Tendency of force to produce rotation about an axis

A

Torque

47
Q

Force developed by two surfaces

-tends to prevent motion of one surface across another

A

Friction

48
Q

An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion

A

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: Law of Inertia

49
Q

The amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to an object

A

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration

50
Q

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion: Law of Action/Reaction

51
Q

When two or more forces are acting along the same line or plane

A

Linear Force

52
Q

When two forces occur in the same plane and direction with a counter force in the middle but in the opposite direction

A

Parallel Force

53
Q

Net effect of two divergent forces

-Ex. of one person pulling on the south end of a box and the other person pulling on the east end of the same box

A

Resultant Force

54
Q

When an object is in a position that to disturb it would require its center of gravity to be raised

A

Stable

55
Q

When only a slight force is needed to disturb an object

A

Unstable

56
Q

When an object’s center of gravity is neither raised nor lowered when it is disturbed

A

Neutral

57
Q

Tip to remembering lever classes

A

1-2-3 = A-R-F

  • A = Axis
  • R = Resistance
  • F = Force
58
Q

Describe a First Class Lever

A
  • Axis is between the resistance and the force
  • Designed for balance
    • Ex. Head sitting on C1
      • Axis = C1
      • Resistance = Weight of head pulling forward
      • Force = Muscles in neck holding head up
59
Q

Describe a Second Class Lever

A
  • Resistance between the axis and force
  • Designed for power
    • Ex. action of the plantar flexors when on tiptoes
      • Axis = MTPs in the foot
      • Resistance = body weight in mid foot
      • Force = plantar flexor muscles
60
Q

Describe a Third Class Lever

A
  • Force between the axis and resistance
  • Designed for ROM
    • Ex. Elbow flexion
      • Axis = elbow joint
      • Resistance = weight of forearm and hand
      • Force = Biceps insertion in proximal radius, distal to the elbow joint
61
Q

Relationship between the force arm and the resistance arm

A

Mechanical Advantage

62
Q

What is the formula for Mechanical Advantage

A

Mechanical Advantage = Force Arm/Resistance Arm

Kinesiology (6 decks)

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