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Kinesiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Occurs when a muscle contracts, producing force without changing the length of a muscle

A

Isometric Contraction

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2
Q

Occurs when there is joint movement, the muscles shorten, and the muscle origin and insertion move towards each other

A

Concentric Contraction

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3
Q

Occurs when there is joint motion but the muscle appears to lengthen and the muscle attatchments separate

A

Eccentric Contraction

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4
Q

Occurs when there is joint motion and the force of the contraction is variable, but the speed at which the joint moves stays the same

A

Isokinetic Contraction

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5
Q

The length of a muscle when it is not shortened or lengthened. That is, when there are no forces or stresses placed upon it

A

Normal Resting Length

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6
Q

The muscles ability to respond to a stimulus. This can be a natural stimulus from a motor nerve or an artificial stimulus such as from an electrical current

A

Irritability

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7
Q

The muscle’s ability to contract and generate force when it recieves adequate stimulation. This may result in the muscle shortening, staying the same, or lengthening

A

Contractility

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8
Q

The muscles ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied

A

Extensibility

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9
Q

The muscle’s ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed

A

Elasticity

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10
Q

The point at which a muscle cannot shorten any further

A

Active Insufficiency

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11
Q

Occurs when a multijoint muscle cannot be lengthened any farther without damage to its fibers

A

Passive Insufficiency

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12
Q

Describe Aerobic Muscle Type

A
  • Small motor neurons
  • Slow twitch (slow to contract)
  • Slow to fatigue
  • Red (myoglobin rich/oxidative energy system)
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13
Q

Describe Anaerobic Muscle Type

A
  • Large Motor Neurons
  • Fast twitch (quick to contract)
  • Fast to fatigue
  • White (less myoglobin/Glycolitic energy)
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14
Q

What is the CNS

A

The Central Nervous System, which consists of the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

What is the PNS

A

The Peripheral Nervous System which consists of the

  • Cranial Nerves
  • Brachial Plexus
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Lumbosacral Plexus
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16
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Occipital Lobe
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
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17
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Controls

  • Personality
  • Motor Movement
  • Expressive Speech
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18
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Responsible for

  • Vision
  • Recognition of size, shape, and color
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19
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Controls

  • Gross sensation (touch and pressure)
  • Fine sensation (determination of texture, weight, and size)

Also, is the location of brain activity associated with reading skills

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20
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Center for behavior, hearing, language reception, and understanding

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21
Q

What is the difference between motor and sensory neurons?

A
  • Sensory neurons send Afferent impulses from the outer parts of your body to the CNS
  • Motor neurons send Efferent impulses from the spinal cord to the outer periphery
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22
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves are the most significant in terms of their control over certain muscles?

A
  • Trigeminal (V/5)
  • Facial (VII/7)
  • Spinal Accessory (XI/11)
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23
Q

Name the Trigeminal Nerve’s type and function

A

Motor & Sensory:

  • Sensory: Face Area
  • Motor: Chewing Muscles
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24
Q

Name the Facial Nerve’s type and function

A

Motor & Sensory:

  • Sensory: Tongue area
  • Motor: Muscles of facial expressions
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25
Q

Name the Spinal Accessory Nerve’s type and function

A

Motor

-Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

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26
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied with the sensory fibers of a spinal nerve

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27
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the UE Dermatomes with sensory fibers?

A

C2-T1

28
Q

What are the UE Peripheral Nerves?

A
  • Axillary Nerve
  • Musculotaneous Nerve
  • Radial Nerve
  • Median Nerve
  • Ulnar Nerve
29
Q

What are the 4 main Sacral Ligaments

A
  • Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
  • Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament
  • Short Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament
  • Long Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament
30
Q

What are the 3 Accessory Sacral Ligaments

A
  • Sacrotuberous Ligament
  • Sacrospinus Ligament
  • Iliolumbar Ligament
31
Q

Describe the Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament

A
  • It is a broad, flat ligament, connecting the ala and pelvic surface of the sacrum to the auricular surface of the ilium.
  • It holds the anterior portion of the joint together
32
Q

Describe the Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament

A
  • It is the deepest, shortest, and strongest of the SI ligaments
  • It fills the roughened area above and behind the aricular surfaces of the anterior sacroiliac ligament.
  • It connects the tuberosities of the ilium to the sacrum
33
Q

Describe the Short Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament

A
  • Runs obliquely between the ilium and the upper portion of the sacrum on the dorsal surface
  • It prevents forward movement of the sacrum
34
Q

Describe the Long Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament

A
  • Runs more vertically between the posterior superior iliac spine and the lower portion of the sacrum
  • It prevents downward movement of the sacrum
35
Q

What are the 3 Hip Ligaments

A
  • Iliofemoral Ligament
  • Ischiofemoral Ligament
  • Pubofemoral Ligament
36
Q

Describe the Iliofemoral Ligament

A
  • AKA the Y Ligament or Ligament of Bigelow
  • From the AIIS it splits and attaches to the intertrochanteric line
  • Reinforces capsule anteriorly to limit hyperextension
37
Q

Describe the Ischiofemoral Ligament

A
  • It attaches on the ischial portion of the acetabulum, crosses the joint in a lateral and superior direction, and attaches on the femoral neck
  • Reinforces the joint posteriorly to limit hyperextension and medial rotation
38
Q

Describe the Pubofemoral Ligament

A
  • It attaches from the medial part of the acetabular rim and superior ramus of the pubis and runs down and back to attach on the neck of the femur
  • It spans the hip joint medially and inferiorly to limit hyperextension and abduction
39
Q

What is an APT in terms of the pelvis?

A

Anterior Pelvic Tilt, which is when the ASIS moves anterior to the pubic symphysis.
-Causes hyperextension of the L spine and flexion of the hips

40
Q

What is a PPT in terms of the pelvis?

A

Posterior Pelvic Tilt, which is when the ASIS moves posterior to the pubic symphysis.
-Causes flextionof the L spine and extension of the hips

41
Q

What is a Pelvic Hike

A

When one side of the pelvis is moved superior to the other.

-Causes side bending and hip adduction on the side that is hiked

42
Q

What is a Pelvic Drop

A

When one side of the pelvis is moved inferior to the other.

-Causes side bending on the opposite side of the side that is dropped and hip abduction on the side that is dropped

43
Q

What is Pelvic Rotation

A

When the pelvis turns to the left or right

-Causes right/left rotation of the spine and Internal/external rotation of the hip

44
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Iliopsoas Muscle

A

O: T12-L5 & Iliac Fossa
I: Lesser Trochanter
A: Hip Flexion
N: (Iliacus portion) Femoral Nerve, (Psoas Portion) L2&L3

45
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Sartorius Muscle

A

O: ASIS
I: Proximal Medial aspect of Tibia
A: Hip Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation, and Knee Flexion
N: Femoral Nerve

46
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Piriformis Muscle

A

O: Anterior Sacrum
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip External Rotation
N: L5, S1, S2

47
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Superior Gemellus Muscle

A

O: Ischial Spine
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip External Rotation
N: Nerve to the Obturator Internus

48
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Inferior Gemellus Muscle

A

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip External Rotation
N: Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris

49
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Obturator Externus Muscle

A

O: Obturator Foramen
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip External Rotation
N: Obturator Nerve

50
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Obturator Internus Muscle

A

O: Obturator Foramen
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip External Rotation
N: Nerve to the Obturator Internus

51
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Quadratus Femoris Muscle

A

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip External Rotation
N: Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris

52
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Pectineus Muscle

A

O: Superior Ramus of the Pubis
I: Pectineal Line of Femur
A: Hip Flexion & Adduction
N: Femoral Nerve

53
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Adductor Magnus Muscle

A

O: Pubis & Ischium
I: Entire Linea Aspera of Femur & Adductor Tubercle
A: Hip Adduction
N: Obturator & Sciatic Nerve

54
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Adductor Longus Muscle

A

O: Pubis
I: Middle 3rd of the Linea Aspera of the Femur
A: Hip Adduction
N: Obturator Nerve

55
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Adductor Brevis Muscle

A

O: Pubis
I: Pectineal Line & Proximal Linea Aspera of Femur
A: Hip Adduction
N: Obturator Nerve

56
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Gracilis Muscle

A

O: Pubis
I: Anteromedial Surface of the Proximal end of the Femur
A: Hip Adduction
N: Obturator Nerve

57
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

A

O: Posterior Sacrum & Ilium
I: Posterior Femur distal to the Greater Trochanter & Iliotibial Band
A: Hip Extension & External Rotation
N: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

58
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Gluteus Medius Muscle

A

O: Outer Surface of the Ilium
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip Abduction
N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

59
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle

A

O: Lateral Surface of the Ilium
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Hip Abduction & Internal Rotation
N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

60
Q

O, I, A, & N of the Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle

A

O: ASIS
I: Lateral Condyle of the Tibia
A: Hip Flexion, Abduction, Internal Rotation, & Knee Extension
N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

61
Q

What is Coxa Valga?

A

When the angle of the neck of the femur is >125 deg.

62
Q

What does Valga mean?

A

When the distal segment of a joint is positioned outward

63
Q

What is Coxa Vara?

A

When the angle of the neck of the femur is <125 deg.

64
Q

What does Vara mean?

A

When the distal segment of a joint is positioned inward

65
Q

What is the Angle of Torsion?

A

The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur

66
Q

What is Anteversion?

A

When the Angle of Torsion of the Femur is Increased, which causes toes to turn inward.

67
Q

What is Retroversion?

A

When the Angle of Torsion of the Femur is Decreased, which causes the toes to turn outward.

Kinesiology (6 decks)

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