Exam 3.3 Flashcards
Examples of Anabolic drugs
steroids, testosterone, human growth hormone
Inhalants
psychoactive breathable chemicals, acute and chronic effects
Examples of inhalants
paint solvents, motor fuels, cleaners, glues, aerosol sprays, paint thinner, butane, nitrous oxide
Inhalants are mostly used by
young teens due to low cost and easy availability
Primary prevention of drug abuse
aimed at those who have never used drugs, education in schools
Secondary prevention of drug abuse
aimed at those who have used but are not chronic abusers
Tertiary prevention of drug abuse
aimed at drug abuse treatment and aftercare, including relapse prevention
Demand reduction
education to reduce demand for drugs; treatment to remove physical, emotional, and environmental conditions that contribute to drug dependency, aftercare; social marketing to influence behavior
Supply reduction
public policy, law enforcement to control drug use, crime, prevent crime organizations, and protect neighborhoods
Office of National Drug Control Policy
leads nation’s anti-drug efforts, publishes annual report detailing national strategy and budget
Dept of Health and Human Services
gets largest amount of drug budget, education, automatic protection and regulation, demand reduction emphasis, rapid diagnosis and intervention with treatment
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
lead agency focused on providing services for those with substance abuse problems
National Institute on Drug Abuse
lead federal research agency on drug abuse
Department of Justice
addresses supply side of drug trade
Department of Justice Agencies
DEA, FBI, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
Dept of Homeland Security (DHS)
prevention and control of drug trafficking
Agencies within Dept of Homeland Security
US Coast Guard, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Customs Border Patrol, Counternarcotics Enforcement
Dept of Veteran Affairs
treatment of drug-related health problems of veterans
Dept of Defense
assists foreign allies to control the production of illegal drugs
Dept of Education
primary prevention or demand reduction, programs for drug-free schools
Health care delivery pre-1870
far behind Great Britain and Europe for both care and education, not grounded in science until about 1870 (germ theory), education provided through apprenticeships, treatment in home and 1st party payment, hospitals only in cities and seaports
Health care delivery - 1960s
late 1950s had overall shortage of quality care, increased interest in health insurance, third-party payment system became standard
Third party payment system
caused the cost of health care to rise in response to the disconnect between patient and medical care costs
Medicare and Medicaid
1965, government insurance for seniors and poor
Health care delivery - 1970s
Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974, aimed at comprehensive federal planning for healthcare
Health care delivery - 1980s
Reagan and Congress repealed the NHPRD Act of 1974 which eliminated health system agencies, deregulation of health care delivery, proliferation of new medical technology
Health care delivery - 1990s
American Health Security Act of 1993 (Clinton) failed to pass, managed care became dominant, US health care bill (1996) $1 trillion, creation of CHIP (1997)
Health care delivery in the 21st century
medicare part D created for expansion to cover prescriptions, costs in 2010 were $2.6 trillion, costs outpacing inflation for past few decades, Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) passed in 2010
Spectrum of healthcare delivery
population-based public health practice, medical practice, long-term practice, end-of-life practice
Population-based public health practice
interventions aimed at disease prevention and health promotion, health education is a major component, helps to empower and motivate, mostly occurs in governmental health agencies
Medical practice
primary, secondary, and tertiary care
Primary medical care
clinical preventive services, first-contact treatment, ongoing care for common conditions
Secondary medical care
specialized attention and ongoing management
Tertiary medical care
highly specialized and technologically sophisticated medical and surgical care, for unusual and complex conditions
Restorative care
provided after surgery or other treatment, rehab care, therapy, home care, inpatient and outpatient units, nursing homes, other settings
Long-term care
help with chronic illnesses and disabilities, time-intensive skilled care to basic daily tasks, nursing homes and various settings
End of life practice
services provided shortly before death
Hospice care
terminal diagnosis, variety of settings
Types of health care providers
over 200 types categorized into 6 groups: independent providers, limited care providers, nurses, nonphysician practioners, allied health care professionals, community health professionals (public and voluntary)
Independent providers
specialized education and legal authority to treat any health problem or disease
Allopathic MD
4 years of med school and 3 to 5 years of residency in their specialty, focus on the provision of specific remedies or including drugs, medication, and surgical tx
Osteopathic DO
same as MD, same as allopaths, yet might have a greater recognition of the reciprocal interrelationship between the structure and function of the body in providing tx
Nonallopathic
complimentary and alternative medicine, natural products, mind-body medicine, manipulation, etc., used together with conventional medicine, therapy is considered complimentary, in place of considered alternative, chiropractors, acupuncturists, naturopaths, homeopaths, etc.
Limited (or Restricted) Care Providers
advanced training in a health care specialty, provide care for a specific part of the body, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists, audiologists, psychologists
Licensed practical nurses
1-2 years of education in vocational program, pass licensure exam
Registered nurses
complete accredited academic program, state licensure exam
Advanced practice nurse
master of doctoral degrees
Nonphysician practitioners
practice in many areas similar to physicians but do not have MD or DO degrees, training beyond RN, less than physician, nurse practitioners, midwives, physician assistants
Allied health care professionals
assist, facilitate, and complement work of physicians and other health care specialists, education and training varies
Categories of allied health care professionals
laboratory technologist/technician, therapeutic science practitioners, behavioral scientists, support services
