Exam 3.2 Flashcards
Mentally ill inmates
have difficulty obtaining parole due to discipline problems
Ohio’s prison mental health system
is considered one of the best
Threshold dose
the minimum amount required to produce a therapeutic or psychoactive effect
Effective dose
the dose needed to produce a desired effect
Lethal dose
the amount that will cause death
Synergistic drug interaction
potentiating, effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of each drug (2+2=7)
Additive drug interaction
2+2=4
Antagonistic drug interaction
complete or partial canceling effect, 2+2=0
Independent drug interaction
drugs have no effect on one another
Risk factors
increase the probability of drug use
Protective factors
decrease the probability of drug use
Legal drugs (licit)
includes those that can be closely regulated, likely regulated, and not regulated, alcohol, nicotine, otc, prescription
Illegal drugs and controlled substances (illicit)
regulated by Controlled Substances Act of 1970, marijuana, stimulants, depressants, club drugs, designer drugs, anabolic drugs, inhalants
Alcohol
1 drug problem in US
Alcohol issues
binge, underage, problem drinkers
Alcoholism
physical dependence, tolerance and withdrawal present, loss of control
Cost of alcohol abuse
$220 billion
Blood alcohol concentration
percentage of concentration of alcohol in blood, .08% considered intoxication in most states
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V)
identifies and describes mental disorders, provides diagnostic instructions for each, has significant implications for whether a treatment should be reimbursed by insurance
Nicotine
psychoactive and addictive drug found in cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, pipe tobacco, and e-cigarettes, produces tolerance and withdrawal
Nicotine is the #1 drug in terms of
its direct impact on mortality and health of users
Environmental tobacco smoke
a human class A carcinogen (same as asbestos), aggravates asthma
Harmful components of tobacco smoke
tar, CO, nicotine
Impact of nicotine addiction
20.4% of HS seniors smoke, accounts for 443,000 deaths each year, accounts for loss of $193 billion
Synar Amendment
prohibits distribution of tobacco products to those under 18 years old
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (2009)
FDA has oversight over tobacco products
Over the Counter drugs
legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a prescription, carefullly regulated by FDA, most provide symptomatic relief not a cure, subject to misuse and abuse
Prescription drugs
can be purchased only with a prescription, some people have serious side effects, regulated by FDA, over 4000 available, subject to misuse and abuse
Concerns with prescription drugs include
dependence, adverse reactions, resistant pathogens, unintentional overdose
Controlled Substances Act of 1970
Schedule I-cannot be cultivated, manufactured, bought, sold, or used in US, no accepted medical uses, high potential for abuse; Schedule II-medical uses, scheduled based on potential for risk of dependence or abuse
Drug Enforcement Agency
responsible for enforcing Controlled Substances Act
Illicit drug issues
drug trafficking and associated violence, crime, communicable disease, addiction, and detrimental community impacts, injection users are at high risk for bloodborne pathogens
Marijuana
derived from hemp plant, most abused illicit drug in US, produces tolerance but no withdrawal
Acute effects of marijuana use
reduced concentration, slowed reaction time, impaired short term memory, impaired judgment
Chronic effects of marijuana use
damage to lungs, amotivational syndrome
Other concerns with marijuana use
brings people in contact with those involved in illegal activities, often involves polydrug use
Narcotics
numb the senses and reduce pain, high potential for abuse, produce tolerance and physical dependence
Synthetic narcotics
oxycontin and codiene
Opium and its derivatives
morphine and heroin, come from an oriental poppy plant
Concerns of narcotic abuse
drug trafficking and associated violence, crime, communicable disease, addiction, etc., bloodborne pathogens in injection users
Stimulants
drugs that increase the activity of the CNS, produce rapid tolerance and withdrawal
Common types of stimulants
cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, ephedra
Formication
the sensation that bugs are crawling under the skin
Hallucinogens
produce illusions, changes in perceptions, synesthesia, naturally derived and synthetic, produces tolerance but not withdrawal (some disagreement)
Common types of hallucinogens
LSD, mescaline (peyote), psilocybin (mushrooms)
Depressants
slow the CNS, may lower anxiety and inhibitions, produces tolerance and withdrawal, strong physical dependence
Common types of depressants
alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (xanax and valium), methaqualone
Club drugs and designer drugs
may have similar effects as other drugs but often have multiple effects that make them difficult to classify, often produced synthetically in labs
Examples of club and designer drugs
MDMA (ecstasy) is the most popular, rohypnol (date rape drug)
Anabolic drugs
protein-building, have some legitimate medical uses, sometimes abused by athletes and body builders, acute and chronic side effects
