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HEP 3600 > Exam 3.1 > Flashcards

Exam 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mental illness

A

Leading cause of disability in north America and Europe, refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders

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2
Q

Mental health

A

State of successful performance of mental function

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3
Q

Mental disorders

A

Health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning

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4
Q

Causes of mental disorders

A

Poor prenatal care, stress, trauma, disease, nutrition deficiency, maladaptive family functioning

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5
Q

Stress

A

Psychological and physiological response to stressors

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6
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Normal level of resistance vs. stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

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7
Q

Avoiding stressful situations is preferable to

A

Managing stress

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8
Q

Mental health is

A

one of the most pervasive health problems in the US

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9
Q

Mental health care in colonial America

A

care by families or private caretakers

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10
Q

Mental health care in the 18th century

A

institutionalization first appeared, care in undifferentiated poorhouses or almshouses alongside people with non-mental disorder diagnosis

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11
Q

Mental health care in early 19th century

A

first efforts to separate people based on type of disability

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12
Q

The Moral treatment era

A

began in 1972, belief that environmental changes could affect the mind and alter behavior, people removed from everyday life and stressors of home, given asylum in country environment, initially deemed successful, overcrowding

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13
Q

State hospitals

A

built but deterioration of services occured as chronic nature of mental illness was discovered, long term or lifetime stays were the norm, capacities quickly reached, personalized care lost, restraints more practical, staff turnover high, 1940 population nearly half a million, many elderly, budget cuts led to crowding and subsistence care, lobotomies practiced

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14
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

advocated for public hospitals providing decent care for indigents with mental illness

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15
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

introduced in 1939, still used today

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16
Q

National Mental Health Act of 1946

A

established National Institute of Mental Health, foster and aid research of neuropsychiatric disorders, provide training and award fellowships and grants for work in mental health, aid states in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

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17
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

discharging of tens of thousands of patients from state hospitals and the resettling and maintaining of those persons in less restrictive community settings, began in early 1950s, not preplanned policy, propelled by economics, idealism, legal considerations, and discovery of antipsychotic drugs

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18
Q

Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Act

A

funding to establish fully staffed, fulltime community mental health centers across US, core services: outpatient services, 24 hour emergency care, day treatment or partial hospitalization, screenings

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19
Q

Mental health care concerns in America today

A

significant improvements in treatment and supports for people with serious mental illness

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20
Q

Challenges of mental health care today

A

continued absence of a comprehensive, coordinated system, deinstitutionalization, homelessness

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21
Q

Deinstitutionalization equals

A

trans-insitiutionalization to prisons, jails and nursing homes

22
Q

Serious mental illness and homelessness

A

2.1 million Americans a year, about half have substance abuse disorders, major depression and other co-occuring mental illness, need safe, affordable housing, successful interventions require provision of housing that individuals choose and want to live in, and needed services

23
Q

The new asylums

A

jails and prisons

24
Q

Prevalence of serious mental illness in jails

A

15% of state and federal inmates, 24% in local jails

25
Q

Challenges of treatment in US prisons

A

overcrowding, lake of adequate space to offer treatment, lack of qualified treatment personnel, lack of timely access to services, more likely to commit crime if untreated once released back into community

26
Q

Primary prevention of mental health problems

A

reduces the incidence of mental illness and related problems, high quality early education to economically disadvantaged preschool children and support to their families

27
Q

Secondary prevention of mental health problems

A

reduces the prevalence but not incidence of mental illness, cognitive skills training to reduce prevalence of PTSD, employee assistance programs

28
Q

Tertiary treatment of mental health problems

A

reduce symptoms, improve personal and social functioning, develop and strengthen coping skills, promote behaviors that improve life

29
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Tx through verbal communication to resolve issues and problems, family, couple, individual, psychodynamic and supportive therapy, patient learns skills to modify thinking and behavior

30
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

treatment with medications

31
Q

Psychiatric rehabilitation

A

intensive individualized services encompassing treatment, rehab, and support delivered by a team of providers over an indefinite period to individuals with severe mental disorders to help them maintain stable lives in the community

32
Q

Recovery from mental issues

A

progress toward financial and residential independence, managing symptoms effectively, satisfaction with life, basic personhood, mental and physical well-being, supportive relationships, opportunities to spend time productively, self-determination

33
Q

Mental health care system in US

A

faces challenges, multiple services needed, but some unavailable in some locations, stigmatization of individuals and their family members, decentralized and fragmented (avoids bureaucracy), few resources for rural and low-income counties, lack of adherence to treatment, drop out rates

34
Q

Medicaid for mental health

A

pays more than half of government funded mental health care

35
Q

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act of 2008

A

requires that if health care coverage includes mental health or substance abuse disorders, there must be parity with physical disorders in any limitations or restrictions

36
Q

ACA and mental health

A

expands eligibility for medicaid whose income is less than 133% of poverty, medicaid required to cover mental health and substance abuse disorder services at parity with medical-surgical benefits, shifts huge new costs to states already struggling, does nothing to expand the number of practitioners

37
Q

There are nearly 500,000

A

mentally ill being held in jails and prisons throughout America

38
Q

Failure in society

A

no safety net for all the persons no longer being treated by mental health agencies, now in prisons instead of state mental hospitals

39
Q

Prison population

A

at risk in institutions and when they leave

40
Q

16% of prisoners

A

have been diagnosed with mental illness

41
Q

In Ohio, mentally ill inmates

A

separated from general population and housed in mental health units where treated

42
Q

More deaths, illnesses, and disabilities attributed to

A

Abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs than any other preventable disease

43
Q

Drug

A

Substance other than food or vitamins that, when taken in small quantities, alter one’s physical, mental, or emotional state

44
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Alter sensory perceptions, mood, thought processes, or behavior

45
Q

Drug misuse

A

Inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs

46
Q

Drug abuse

A

Taking of a drug for a non-medically approved purpose, continued use of a legal drug with the knowledge that it is hazardous, underage use

47
Q

Drug dependence

A

When one believes that a particular drug is necessary for normal functioning

48
Q

Dosage

A

The amount of a drug that is administered

49
Q

Segregation

A

probably the worst thing that can happen to mentally ill inmates

50
Q

Isolation

A

increases the risk of becoming mentally ill, makes mentally ill worse

HEP 3600 (10 decks)

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