Exam 2.4 Flashcards
American Indian
lowest education and median income of any group, various tribes have distinct customs, languages, and beliefs, many share same cultural values, some conflict in some communities between medical/public health approach and approach used by healers
Indian Health Services (IHS)
responsible for fed health services to natives, assist tribes in developing health programs, facilitate and assist tribes in coordinating health resources, provide comprehensive health care services, serve as a fed advocate
Refugees
people who flee their homes from danger
Immigrants
migrate from other countries to set up residence
Aliens
people who were not born in a particular country
Illegal aliens
enter a country without permission
Concerns with immigrants
language/cultural barriers, poor, lower education levels, mismatch of work skills to economic needs, serious health problems, burden on healthcare, housing, education, etc.
Race and Health Initiative
goal to eliminate disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations in 6 areas, infant mortality, cancer screening and management, cv disease, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, immunization
SES
considered to be the most influential single contributor to premature morbidity and mortality
Community organizing
Process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies to reach their collective goals
Grass-roots
A process that begins with those who are affected by the problem/concern
Gatekeepers
Those who control, both formally and informally, the political climate of the community
Coalition
Formal alliance of organizations that come together to work for a common goal
Community building
An orientation to community through which people who identify as members engage together in building community capacity rather than fixing problems through the application of specific and externally driven strategies
Task force
Temporary group that is brought together for dealing with a specific problem
Program planning
A process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population
Needs assessment
The process of collecting and analyzing information, to develop an understanding of the issues, resources, and constraints of the priority population, as related to the development of the health promotion program
Priority population (audience)
Those whom a program is intended to serve
Best experiences
Intervention strategies used in prior or existing programs that have not gone through the critical research and evaluation studies and thus fall short of the best practice criteria
Best practices
Recommendations for interventions based on critical review of multiple research and evaluation studies that substantiate the efficacy of the intervention
Best processes
Original intervention strategies that the planners create based on their knowledge and skills of good planning processes including the involvement of those in the priority population and the use of theories and models
Dose
The number of program units as part of the intervention
Implementation
Putting a planned program into action
Multiplicity
The number of activities that make up an intervention
Evaluation
Determining the value or worth of an object of interest
Formative evaluation
The evaluation that is conducted during the planning and implementing processes to improve or refine the program
Impact evaluation
Focuses on the immediate observable effects of a program
Outcome evaluation
Focuses on the end result of the program
Standard of acceptability
Comparative mandate, value, norm, or group
Summative evaluation
The evaluation that determines the effect of a program on the priority population
Gag rule
Regulations that barred physicians and nurses in clinics receiving federal funds from counseling clients about abortions
Categorical programs
Programs available only to people who can be categorized into a group based on specific variables
BMI
ratio of weight to height squared
Demography
Study of a population and those variables bringing about change in that population
Median age
Age at which half the population is older and half is younger
Older Americans act of 1965
Federal legislation to improve the lives of elders
