Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Animal Nutrition > Exam 3 water soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Exam 3 water soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamin deficiency results in the disease _____ characterized by two forms:

A

Beri Beri

  • lack of energy, severe weight loss, incoordination, edema
  • lactic acidosis from the inability to decarboxylate pyruvate
  • Wet BeriBeri:
    • cardiovascular system affected
    • severe edema in extremities
  • Dry BeriBeri
    • Nervous system affected
    • emotional disturbances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thiamin Deficiency results in the disease ____ which requires a necropsy for diagnostic confirmation

A

Polioencephalomalacia (PEM)

  • symptoms
    • head pressing
    • “star gazing” - retracted head/neck position
  • Diagnostic confirmation
    • take brain and expose it ti UV light, turns blue if affected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Excess ____ can cause a thiamin deficency. ______ is high in this

A

sulfur; Dried distillers grains with solubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two thiamin antagonists?

A 
AMPROLIUM
 - anticoccidial drug (Corid)
 - inhibits protozoal uptake of thiamin
 - high doses can create deficiency in treated animals
THIAMINASES
 - Bracken fern poisoning
 - Raw fish (destroyed by cooking)
     * discovered on mink farms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some sources of Thiamin

A
  1. nutritional yeast
  2. beans, peas, green leafy crops
  3. egg yolk, liver, kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Riboflavin is also known as

A

Vitamin B2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

riboflavin is a constituent of

A

flavoproteins

  • flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
  • flavin adenine mononucleotide (FAD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Riboflavin helps in ___ transport in CHO, lipid metabolism

A

H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Riboflavin deficiency results in

A 
"CURLED TOE PARALYSIS" in chicks
 - nerve degeneration
 - toes curl inward ("fists")
"CLUBBED DOWN" in chicks
 - embryonic abnormality
 - down feather grows inside follicle
 - results in coiled feather formation
EQUINE RECURRENT UVEITIS 
 - periodic ophthalmia
 - "moon blindness"
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Riboflavin is destroyed by

A

alkali, exposure to UV light (sunlight)

  • Jaundice = build up of bilirubin in skin
    • phototherapy destroys bilirubin
    • UV light also destroys riboflavin so supplementation is needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some sources of Riboflavin

A
  1. nutritional yeast
  2. liver
  3. milk
  4. whey
  5. green leafy vegetables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a poor source of Riboflavin

A

cereal grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Niacin is also known as ____ or _____

A

Vitamin B3; Nicotinamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nicotinamide is the active group of what 3 important coenzymes?

A
  1. nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
  2. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
  3. NAD phosphate (NADP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Niacin is involved ___ transport in CHO/ lipid metabolism

A

H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Niacin can be synthesized from

A

tryptophan but the conversion is inefficient due to competing pathways for serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____ cannot synthesize niacin from tryptophan

A

cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Niacin deficiency results in

A

PELLAGRA

  • dermal lesions
  • dementia
  • diarrhea
  • appetite loss, weakness
  • more common in humans where corn is a staple food
    • corn low in in Trp and available niacin (corn bread in diet in southern US)
  • origin of the term “redneck”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are sources of niacin

A
  1. Cereal grains especially corn
    - alkali treatments of corn (nixtamalization) makes the unavailable niacin biologically available
  2. Green leafy vegetables
  3. Animal foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pantothenic acid is also known as

A

vitamin B5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pantothenic acid is found

A

in nearly every food

22
Q

pantothenic acid is a component of

A

coenzyme A - Transfer of acyl groups in metabolism

23
Q

Describe pantothenic acid deficiency

A

it is RARE.

if happens causes locomotor incoordination (“goose stepping”)

24
Q

Pyroxidine is also known as

A

Vitamin B6

25
Q

Pyroxidine is found in what 3 interconvertible forms

A
  1. pyridoxine (parent molecule)
  2. pyridoxal (important)
  3. pyridoxamine
26
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency results in

A 
IMPAIRED AMINO ACID METABOLISM
 - nonessential AA become conditionally essential
REDUCED RED BLOOD CELL FORMATION 
 - anemia
SLOW GROWTH, POOR FEATHERING ETC.
27
Q

What are some sources of pyridoxine

A

meats
green leafy vegetables
legumes

28
Q

Biotin is also known as

A

vitamin B7

29
Q

Biotin is important in the transport of ____ in metabolism

A

CO2

30
Q

What is an antagonist of biotin? where is it found?

A

AVIDIN

  • raw egg whites. binds to biotin making it biologically unavailable in small intestine
  • inactivated by cooking (heat)
31
Q

Biotin deficiency results in

A
  • impaired CHO, FA protein/AA metabolism
  • hair loss (alopecia)
  • cracking of hooves/ nails
  • wart-like lesions of feet in poultry
32
Q

What are some sources of biotin

A

liver
eggs
legume seeds
green leafy vegetables

33
Q

Folic acid is also known as ____ or ____

A

vitamin B7 or Folacin

34
Q

Folic acid function as the carrier of

A

1-C groups

  • nucleic acid (purine) metabolism
  • conversion of met to cys
35
Q

Folic acid Deficiency results in

A

VERY RARE IN LIVESTOCK
- hair/wool/feather abnormalities
- high sulfur AA content
- stunted growth
ELEVATED BLOOD HOMOCYSTEINE
- implicated in the development of heart disease
NEURAL TUBE DEFECTSIN FETUS
- spina bifida (fetal spinal column doesn’t close completely in first month gestation)
- supplemental folic acid for women who are or intend to become pregnant

36
Q

What are sources of Folic Acid

A

nuts, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables

37
Q

Cyanocobalamin is also known as

A

vitamin b12

38
Q

what is the most often supplemented form of cobalamin

A

cyanocobalamin

39
Q

what is the most active form of cobalamin in the human body

A

methylcobalamin

40
Q

cyanocobalamin contain

A

cobalt

41
Q

cyanocobalamin function in the conversion of

A

Met to Cys

related function to folic acid

42
Q

Cyanocobalamin is synthesized by

A

naturally exclusively by bacteria (ruminant microbes!!)

43
Q

is cyanocobalamin found in plants

A

NO!

strict vegetarian/vegan diets must supplement

44
Q

What is intrinsic factor? where does it come from

A

it comes from the parietal cells, it is a carrier protein for absorption of VitB12

45
Q

cyanocobalamin deficiency can be due to

A

lack of VitB12, Intrinsic factor or Cobalt

46
Q

cyanocobalamin deficiency results in

A

pernicious anemia

  • mostly associated with strict vegetarian diet
  • lack of cobalt in ruminants
47
Q

what are sources of cyanocobalamin

A

ANIMAL FOODS ONLY

48
Q

Ascorbic acid is also known as

A

vitamin c

49
Q

ascorbic acid functions include

A
  1. maintenance of collagen
  2. oxidation reduction reactions
  3. transport of iron ions (with transferrin)
  4. antioxidant (recharges/recycles VitE)
50
Q

Ascorbic Acid deficiency results in

A

SCURVY

  • lack of collagen formation/repair
    • deformations of bone, teeth, connective tissue
  • Classic symptoms
    • bleeding gums
    • scaly skin
    • corkscrew hair/hair loss
  • associated with sailors/pirates
    • not consuming VitC (citrus fruits)
51
Q

Vitamin C is dietary essential for …

A

only a few species

  • humans/other primates
  • guinea pigs
  • bats
  • about 96% of fish species
52
Q

why is ascorbic acid non essential for most livestock species

A

it can be synthesized from glucose

Principles of Animal Nutrition (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions