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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 3 - Substance related disorders > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Substance related disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

At high levels, alcohol ________ brain functioning, and at low levels alcohol ________ certain brain areas

A

depresses, stimulates

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2
Q

What are the physical effects of alcohol abuse?

A
  • malnutrition
  • cirrhosis of the liver
  • stomach pains
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3
Q

What are the psychosocial effects of alcohol abuse and dependence?

A
  • depression
  • oversensitivity
  • impaired reasoning
  • chronic fatigue
  • personality deterioration
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4
Q

Tolerance

A

biochemical changes in the body, need more of a substance to get desired affects

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5
Q

Withdrawal

A

physical symptoms from abstinence, affects are usually opposite of the affects of the drug

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal delirium

A

disorientation, and frightening hallucinations

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7
Q

Alcohol amnestic disorder

A

neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and disorientation

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8
Q

What are the biological causal factors of alcoholism?

A
  • overactive MCLP (mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway)
  • genetic vulnerability (personality, exposure, learning)
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9
Q

What are the psychosocial causal factors of alcoholism?

A
  • failures in parental guidance
  • psychological vulnerability
  • stress, tension reduction and reinforcement
  • expectations of social success
  • marital or relationship crisis
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10
Q

What are the sociocultural causal factors of alcoholism?

A
  • religion
  • cultural tradition of aggression
  • geographical location (legal age of drinking)
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11
Q

What is the first step in the treatment of substance dependence?

A

detox

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12
Q

What are the psychological treatments for alcoholism?

A
  • group therapy (AA)
  • environment intervention
  • behavioral therapy and CBT
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13
Q

What are the biological treatments for alcoholism?

A

medications - antabuse, naltrexone, and valium

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14
Q

What are opiums, what are some examples?

A
  • derived from the opium poppy, powerful analgesics
  • morphine, heroin, codeine
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15
Q

What are the long-term biological effects of morphine and heroin?

A
  • craving
  • withdrawal (flu-like symptoms)
  • gradual deterioration of well-being
  • tolerance
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16
Q

What are the neural bases for addiction?

A
  1. bind to opiate receptors
  2. dopamine theory of addiction (low levels of dopamine, so compensate with drugs)
  3. reward deficiency syndrome
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17
Q

What are the treatments for opioid addiction?

A
  1. methadone and buprenorphine
  2. narcan immediately reverses the affects of heroin
  3. support groups
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18
Q

Stimulants

A
  • increase feelings of alertness and confidence
  • cocaine and amphetamines
19
Q

What does cocaine block?

A

presynaptic dopamine transporter, increasing the availability of dopamine

20
Q

Toxic psychosis

A
  • resembles schizophrenia that is a result of excessive amphetamine and cocaine use
21
Q

What are the long term affects of cocaine use?

A
  • addictive
  • may result in brain damage and psychopathy
  • withdrawal
22
Q

What are the treatments for cocaine addiction?

A
  • naltrexone and methadone
  • CBT
  • contingency management
23
Q

Amphetamines

A
  • wonder pills, to stay awake
  • weight loss
  • treats ADHD and narcolepsy
24
Q

What does long term abuse of amphetamines result in?

A
  • hazardous fatigue
  • addictive
  • brain damage
  • amphetamine psychosis
  • withdrawal
25
Q

Methamphetamine

A
  • highly addictive stimulant
  • increases level of dopamine
  • very potent
26
Q

What can prolonged use of methamphetamine cause?

A

structural changes in the brain

27
Q

What are two examples of stimulants?

A

caffeine and nicotine

28
Q

Why are stimulants problematic?

A
  • easy to abuse
  • readily available
  • addictive properties/difficult to quit
  • withdrawal symptoms
  • health problems and side effects
29
Q

What receptor does nicotine bind to?

A

acetylcholine

30
Q

What are sedatives? What is an example of one?

A
  • similar effects to alcohol in that they depress the CNS
  • barbiturates
31
Q

What receptor do sedatives bind to?

A

GABA

32
Q

What are the causal factors in sedative/barbiturate abuse?

A
  • physiological and psychological dependence
  • high tolerance is developed, leading to lethal overdoses
33
Q

What are hallucinogens? What are some examples?

A
  • drugs that distort sensory information and perception
  • LSD, Ecstasy, Mescaline, Psilocybin
34
Q

LSD

A
  • a hallucinogen that is a.k.a. acid
  • changes in sensory perception
  • experience ranges from pleasurable to terrifying
  • causes flashbacks at some later point
35
Q

What two hallucinogens impact the serotonin system?

A

mescaline and psilocybin

36
Q

What hallucinogen is chemically similar to amphetamine? What does this drug do?

A
  • ecstasy
  • causes feeling of “rush” and well-being, followed by serious adverse consequences (hyperthermia, seizures, jaw clenching etc.)
  • neurotoxin, can damage the serotonin axon terminals
37
Q

Marijuana

A
  • mild hallucinogen that causes euphoria, feelings of well-being, relaxation, mild hallucinations, and hunger
  • causes distortion in time
38
Q

Can marijuana users still experience withdrawal?

A

yes

39
Q

Synthetic cannabinoids, what are some examples, and what are some of the adverse side effects?

A
  • mimic effects of THC
  • “Spice”, “K2”, “Blaze”
  • tachycardia, seizures, etc.
40
Q

Synthetic cathinones, what is an example, and what are some of the adverse side effects?

A
  • mimic cocaine and amphetamines
  • “bath salts”
  • aggression/violence and other psychotic symptoms
41
Q

Gambling disorder

A
  • addiction to gambling that is similar to chemical addiction in that it impacts dopamine
42
Q

What are some of the personality factors attributed to gambling disorder?

A

immaturity, impulsivity, antisocial behavior

43
Q

What type of conditioning is attributed to gambling disorder?

A

operant conditioning

44
Q

What is the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway?

A
  • increases levels of dopamine
  • important in addiction, all substances of abuse impact this area

Abnormal Psychology (10 decks)

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