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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 3 - Personality disorders > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Personality disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of personality disorders?

A
  • chronic interpersonal difficulties, struggle with interacting with others
  • problems with identity or sense of self
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2
Q

What are the DSM/clinical criteria for personality disorders?

A
  • pervasive and inflexible
  • stable and of long duration
  • clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
  • manifests in at least two areas (cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and/or impulse control)
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3
Q

What personality disorders are in Cluster A?

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schizotypal
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4
Q

What personality disorders are in Cluster B?

A
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
  • antisocial
  • borderline
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5
Q

What personality disorders are in Cluster C?

A
  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive-compulsive
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6
Q

What are the difficulties in studying/researching personality disorders?

A
  • diagnostic criteria is not sharply defined
  • diagnostic categories not mutually exclusive, there can be overlap
  • dimensional personality characteristics
  • five-factor model of personality
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7
Q

What is the five-factor model of personality (O.C.E.A.N.)?

A
  • Openness to experience (try different things, engage in new experiences)
  • Conscientiousness (time management)
  • Extraversion (outgoing, like being around others)
  • Agreeableness (friendly, easy to get along with)
  • Neuroticism (proneness to negative affect)
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8
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A
  • suspiciousness and distrust of others, always think some sort of trickery is happening
  • see self as blameless
  • bear grudges, less forgiving
  • see hidden meanings
  • NOT psychotic
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9
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A
  • inability and lack of desire to form attachments to others, prefer to be alone
  • impaired social relationships
  • unable to express feelings, not very emotionally reactive
  • high levels of introversion
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10
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • excessive introversion
  • highly personalized and superstitious thinking (thinks everything is about them)
  • peculiar thought patterns
  • perceived as eccentric
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11
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A
  • crave attention, need to be at the center of attention
  • overconcern with attractiveness, perceived as vain and self-centered
  • irritability and temper outbursts if attention-seeking is frustrated
  • very emotional, theatrical
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12
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A
  • grandiosity, very self-centered
  • preoccupation with receiving attention in terms of their success and accomplishments
  • lack empathy
  • hypercritical and very retaliatory
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13
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A
  • persistently disregard and violate others’ rights, will do anything to get what they want
  • inability to follow approved models of behavior
  • 100% fine with violating laws and societal standards
  • deceitfulness/manipulation of others, unconcerned with others
  • history of conduct problems as a child
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14
Q

Attempted suicide, self mutilation and similar behaviors are often seen in which personality disorder?

A

borderline

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15
Q

Borderline personality disorder, what causes this disorder?

A
  • drastic mood shifts
  • impulsiveness
  • chronic feelings of boredom/emptiness, will engage in high risk behavior because of it
  • genuine fear of abandonment, manipulation occurs because of this
  • increased amygdala, decreased frontal area
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16
Q

Kiera was diagnosed with what? What was the peculiar thing she did?

A
  • borderline personality disorder
  • sent letters written in blood
17
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A
  • hypersensitivity to rejection or social derogation
  • very shy, despite not wanting to be alone
  • self-conscious and self-critical
  • insecurity in social interaction and initiating relationships
18
Q

What disorder does avoidant personality disorder resemble?

A

social anxiety disorder

19
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A
  • need constant reassurance and to be taken care of
  • discomfort at being alone, difficulty in separating in relationships
  • indecisiveness and submissive behavior
20
Q

What are some of the causes of dependent personality disorder?

A
  • authoritarian or overprotective parent
  • trauma
21
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A
  • excessive concern with order, rules, and trivial details
  • perfectionism, find it difficult to delegate tasks
  • lack of expressiveness and warmth
  • difficulty in relaxing
22
Q

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have obsessions or compulsions. True or false?

A

False, they do NOT have obsessions or compulsions

23
Q

What is the goal of treating personality disorders?

A
  • decrease distress
  • alter personality traits
  • alter ways of thinking
24
Q

Does culture have a correlation with the expression of personality disorders?

A

yes

25
Q

What are the difficulties in treating personality disorders?

A
  • may have another disorder, or be comorbid
  • varied goals, treatments may be altered for each disorder
  • client’s resistance to change
  • relationship formation challenges
26
Q

What are the treatments for borderline personality disorder?

A
  • Dialectical behavior therapy (learn techniques that allow them to not act out when they feel a strong emotion, BEST OPTION)
  • antidepressant medications (SSRIs, short term only)
  • transference-focused psychotherapy (teach them that there is a middle group to their extreme emotions)
  • mentalization (understand others and themself)
27
Q

What is the best treatment for schizotypal PD?

A

antipsychotic or antidepressant medications

28
Q

What is the best treatment for avoidant PD?

A

cognitive-behavioral treatment and antidepressant medication

29
Q

Psychopathy

A
  • sociopath or psychopath
  • inadequate conscience development
  • irresponsible and impulsive behavior
  • ability to impress and exploit others
  • grandiose sense of self worth
30
Q

Are psychopathy and antisocial PD the same?

A

no

31
Q

What are the dimensions of psychopathy?

A

1a. Interpersonal - superficial charm, pathological lying
1b. Affective - lack of remorse, guilt, and empathy
2a. Lifestyle - need for stimulation (internally bored), impulsivity
2b. Antisocial - poor behavior controls, criminality

32
Q

Which of the two dimensions of psychopathy do individuals with antisocial PD also have? Which two do they NOT have?

A
  • 2a. Lifestyle and 2b. Antisocial
  • 1a. Interpersonal and 1b. Affective
33
Q

What are the causal factors in psychopathy?

A
  • genetic influences
  • low levels of fear due to underactive amygdala and frontal areas
  • general emotional deficits
  • early parental loss
  • parental loss or rejection
34
Q

What are the differences in risk for ASPD and psychopathy?

A
  • those with ASPD are typically more reactive, and have difficulty learning to regulate emotions
  • those with psychopathy exhibit fearlessness, and low anxiety, have poor consciences, and premeditated aggression
35
Q

What aspect of psychopathy do sociocultural factors influence?

A

level of aggression

36
Q

Why is the treatment of psychopaths difficult?

A
  • will not seek treatment unless forced
  • do not learn from punishment (jail)
  • a focus on empathy, emotions, and interpersonal skills causes them to become a better psychopath and manipulator

Abnormal Psychology (10 decks)

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