exam 3 study guide Flashcards
within the mind or psyche
intrapsychic
between individuals, relating to social interactions and relationships
interpsychich
holistic view of personality focusing on unique striving for superiority and social interest
individual psychology
individuals psychology created by
adler
a striving for power and dominance, often seen as a reaction to perceived inferiority
masculine protest
an individuals unique way of striving for goals and interacting with the world
style of life
the structure and dynamics of a family, including birth order, and its influence on personality
family constellation
Interpersonal strategies used to avoid anxiety and maintain security
security operations
An excessive need to compete and win, driven by insecurity
hypercompetitiveness
A feeling of isolation and helplessness in a hostile world
basic anxiety
Surrendering individuality for security and belonging in authoritarian systems
the devils pact
A parenting style characterized by high demands and low responsiveness
authoritarian
A parenting style characterized by high demands and high responsivenes
authoritative
A parenting style characterized by low demands and high responsiveness
indulgent
A parenting style characterized by low demands and low responsiveness
uninvolved
A relationship of mutual dependence, often unhealthy
symbiotic
Receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive
the different character orientations fromm
Attraction to death, decay, and destruction
Necrophilous character
A theory that explains how people deal with the anxiety of their own mortality.
terror management theory
A defense mechanism where a person adopts the characteristics of their aggressor to reduce fear
identification with the aggressor
identity according to Erickson
A sense of self, including values, beliefs, and roles
Erickson fidelity
Loyalty and commitment to values, relationships, and ideologies
Mature understanding and acceptance of life’s challenges
Wisdom
adler: conditions for social interest to develop
o Early childhood experiences of cooperation and nurturing.
o A sense of belonging and contribution to the community.
o Overcoming feelings of inferiority through constructive actions.
adler forces that motivate life
striving for superiority or completion
type of therapy, adler would engage in
o Collaborative, educational, and encouraging.
o Focus on identifying and changing mistaken lifestyles.
o Emphasis on social interest and responsibility.
function of masculine protest, adler
o To compensate for perceived feelings of inferiority.
o To gain power and control.
similarities between freud and adler on the edge that personality develop
both emphasized importance of childhood experiences
Adler placed less emphasis on _____, and more on____.
psychosexual stages
social context
significance of birth order
o Creates unique psychological situations that influence personality development.
o Firstborns, middle children, and lastborns develop distinct styles of life.
adler: creative self related to consciousness
aThe creative self is the conscious, active force that shapes an individual’s personality
according to adler, the creative self allows individuals to
create their own unique style of life and pursue their goals
adler three gates to mental life
o Perception.
o Memory.
o Imagination
Sullivans definition of personality
o The characteristic pattern of recurrent interpersonal situations that characterize a human life.
contents of “not-me-self”
o Severely anxiety-provoking experiences that are dissociated from conscious awareness.
o Represents the most threatening and unacceptable aspects of the self.
how horney and fromm differed from freud
Emphasized sociocultural factors over biological drives.
horney and fromm focused on the impact of
social relationships and cultural norms on personality
horney rejected Freuds
penis envy
fromm focused on the human need for
freedom and belonging
horney source of basic anxiety
feelings of isolation and helplessness in a potentially hostile world
horney need fulfilled by
moving away, moving against, moving toward
Need fulfilled by “Moving away,” “Moving against,” and “Moving toward” to cope with
basic anxiety and maintain sense of security
what happens when idealized and real-selves are separated
o Neurotic conflicts and self-alienation.
o Individuals strive to live up to an unrealistic idealized self, leading to frustration and despair.
hornets explanation of woman’s concept of inferiority
A product of sociocultural factors and male dominance, not biological inferiority
forces that motivate behavior (horney)
the need to cope with basic anxiety
the search for security and belonging
secure attachment promotes
healthy brain development, emotional regulation, and social skills
insecure attachment can lead to
emotional and behavioral problems
Fromm’s personality is a combination of
o Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Marx’s social theory.
result of gaining more freedom by transcending nature
Feelings of isolation and alienation, leading to the need for new forms of connection
Anna freud expanded understanding of
ego defense mechanism
Anna freud applies psychoanalysis to
child development
Anna freud focused on the ____ role in development
ego
why adolescence is the stepchild in psychoanalytic theory
o Because of the extreme ego disruption that occurs during this stage of development.
o The ego is trying to control the Id, and the Superego, while also dealing with external pressures.
Erickson expanded Freuds stages into
lifespan developmental model
Erickson emphasized the ___ aspects of development
psychosocial
freud focused on ____ while Erickson focused on ____
psychosexual drives
psychosocial cruises
Erickson focused on development in _____, while freud primarily focused in ____
lifespan, childhood
Erickson psychosocial stages
o Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year)
o Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
o Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
o Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
o Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)
o Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
o Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
o Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)
the oral stage to freud is to the ___ stage for erikson
trust vs mistrust
the anal stage to freud is to the ___ stage for erikson
autonomy vs shame and doubt
the phallic stage to freud is to the ___ stage for erikson
initiative vs guilt
the latency stage to freud is to the ___ stage for erikson
industry vs inferiority
the genital stage to freud is to the ___ stages for erikson
Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair
confusion experienced by adolescents, Erickson
role of confusion, identity crisis, difficulty establishing stable sense of self
eriksons conclusions from Native American tribe studies
o Cultural and environmental factors significantly influence personality development.
o Child-rearing practices and social norms shape individual identity and psychosocial functioning
trust vs mistrust
hope
autonomy vs shame and doubt
purpose, goals
industry vs inferiority
competence
ego identity vs role confusion
fidelity, loyalty
intimacy vs isolation
love
generatively vs stagnation
care, compassion
