Exam 3 (Spirochetes & Mycoplasma) Flashcards
Treponema pallidum
Gram:
Flagella:
Gram: G-
Flagella: 3/pole, axial filament
Details of transmission of Treponema pallidum
- fragile (only survive transmission without exposure
- sexual/congenital transmission in body fluids through mucous membranes
How is Treponema pallidum similar to mycobacterium?
-their associated diseases are caused by the host’ immune responses not the pathogen
What are the three stages to a syphilis infection?
- Local: hard ulcer at site of infection, infectious
- Disseminated: rash, aches, mucous membrane lesions, infectious
- Gummas, damage to blood vessels, eyes, CNS, insanity, NON INFECTIOUS
What stage of a syphilis infection is infectious?
The last stage
Primary Syphilis: _______ weeks
Asymptomatic Period: ______ weeks
Secondary Syphilis: _____ weeks
Primary: 2-6 weeks
Asymptomatic: 2-24 weeks
Secondary: 2-6 weeks (50% of primary go on to secondary)
What are gummas?
Granuloma lesion that can perforate tissues (like roof of mouth)
-form in tertiary syphilis
Congenital Syphilis treatment?
-completely preventable with penicillin tx in early pregnancy
What are two dental manifestations of congenital syphilis?
- Hutchinson’s Teeth (notched)
- Mulberry Molars
Treatment for primary or secondary syphilis?
Penicillin for infections with actively growing spirochetes
NO VACCINE
Borellia
Gram:
Shape:
Gram: G-
Shape: Spirochete
Lyme Disease is caused by…
Borrelia burgdorferi in the Ixodes scapularis Tick
_____ are responsible for a majority B. burgdorferi infections.
Nymphs
What are the reservoirs for Lyme disease?
rodents and deer
3 Stages of Lyme Disease
- Acute/Local: fever
- Disseminated: nerve paralysis w/ heart arrhythmia (2-8 weeks)
- Chronic: arthritis, CNS paralysis (due to persistent immune response (>6 months)
What is the main virulence factor of Borrelia spp.?
antigenic variation that causes relapsing fever from effective immune responses
Endemic relapsing fever is _____-borne.
tick (B. miyamotoi)
Epidemic relapsing fever is ____-borne.
louse (B. recurrentis)
Rickettsia
Gram:
Growth Medium:
Gram: G-
Growth: obligate intracellular parasite (endothelial cells)
Rickettsia causes ______________ to hosts.
vascular hemorrhages
Rickettsia is transmitted by…..
Reservoir is…
- wood ticks
- reservoir is wild rodents
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by….
Rickettsia
The spots of the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever are caused by…
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes lysing infected endothelial cells. can disseminated to heart and kidneys and cause shock…death
Chlamydia trachomatis gram type?
G-
Can C. trachomatis be cultured in a lab?
no
Unique characteristic of C. trachomatis cell wall
no “peptidoglycan” synth but still looks G-
Disease associated with Chlamydia trachomatis is caused by…
release of cytokines by infected cells creates damaging cell-mediated immune response
5 Step process of C. trachomatis infecting a cell through cell lysis/exocytosis
- adhesion to epithelial cell microvilli
- reticulate body (replicating, fragile, noninfectious) in phagosomes without lysosomal fusion
- replication and division
- elementary body formation (stable, infectious)
- cell lysis/exocytosis
How many serotypes…
Gonorrheal-like sexual disease: ?
Lymphogranuloma venereum: ?
Trachoma: ?
Gonorrheal-like: 8 serotypes
Lymphogranuloma venereum: 3 serotypes
Trachoma: 4 serotypes
What Chlamydial disease causes walking pneumonia?
C. pneumoniae
Chlamydial diseases have no immune protection. Reinfection with a Chlamydial disease causes a ____________.
stronger cell mediated immune response
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Gram:
Size:
O2 req:
Gram: non-gram staining
Size: 0.45 micrometers (cannot filter out)
O2 req: strict aerobe
______________ have a strong membrane due to sterols.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What is the leading cause of mild pneumonia in schools/military?
M. pneumonia (aerosol transmission in crowds)
Is a vaccine available?
Pneumococcal pneumonia:
Klebsiella pneumonia:
Mycoplasmal pneumonia:
Pneumococcal: capsular vaccine available
Klebsiella: none
Mycoplasmal: none
Why is Mycoplasmal pneumonia called walking pneumonia?
usually mild without need for hospitalization
