Exam 3 (Spirochetes & Mycoplasma)

Question 1

Treponema pallidum
Gram:
Flagella:

Answer 1

Gram: G-
Flagella: 3/pole, axial filament

Question 2

Details of transmission of Treponema pallidum

Answer 2

• fragile (only survive transmission without exposure

- sexual/congenital transmission in body fluids through mucous membranes

Question 3

How is Treponema pallidum similar to mycobacterium?

Answer 3

-their associated diseases are caused by the host’ immune responses not the pathogen

Question 4

What are the three stages to a syphilis infection?

Answer 4

1. Local: hard ulcer at site of infection, infectious
2. Disseminated: rash, aches, mucous membrane lesions, infectious
3. Gummas, damage to blood vessels, eyes, CNS, insanity, NON INFECTIOUS

Question 5

What stage of a syphilis infection is infectious?

Answer 5

The last stage

Question 6

Primary Syphilis: _______ weeks
Asymptomatic Period: ______ weeks
Secondary Syphilis: _____ weeks

Answer 6

Primary: 2-6 weeks
Asymptomatic: 2-24 weeks
Secondary: 2-6 weeks (50% of primary go on to secondary)

Question 7

What are gummas?

Answer 7

Granuloma lesion that can perforate tissues (like roof of mouth)
-form in tertiary syphilis

Question 8

Congenital Syphilis treatment?

Answer 8

-completely preventable with penicillin tx in early pregnancy

Question 9

What are two dental manifestations of congenital syphilis?

Answer 9

• Hutchinson’s Teeth (notched)

- Mulberry Molars

Question 10

Treatment for primary or secondary syphilis?

Answer 10

Penicillin for infections with actively growing spirochetes

NO VACCINE

Question 11

Borellia
Gram:
Shape:

Answer 11

Gram: G-
Shape: Spirochete

Question 12

Lyme Disease is caused by…

Answer 12

Borrelia burgdorferi in the Ixodes scapularis Tick

Question 13

_____ are responsible for a majority B. burgdorferi infections.

Answer 13

Nymphs

Question 14

What are the reservoirs for Lyme disease?

Answer 14

rodents and deer

Question 15

3 Stages of Lyme Disease

Answer 15

1. Acute/Local: fever
2. Disseminated: nerve paralysis w/ heart arrhythmia (2-8 weeks)
3. Chronic: arthritis, CNS paralysis (due to persistent immune response (>6 months)

Question 16

What is the main virulence factor of Borrelia spp.?

Answer 16

antigenic variation that causes relapsing fever from effective immune responses

Question 17

Endemic relapsing fever is _____-borne.

Answer 17

tick (B. miyamotoi)

Question 18

Epidemic relapsing fever is ____-borne.

Answer 18

louse (B. recurrentis)

Question 19

Rickettsia
Gram:
Growth Medium:

Answer 19

Gram: G-
Growth: obligate intracellular parasite (endothelial cells)

Question 20

Rickettsia causes ______________ to hosts.

Answer 20

vascular hemorrhages

Question 21

Rickettsia is transmitted by…..

Reservoir is…

Answer 21

• wood ticks

- reservoir is wild rodents

Question 22

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by….

Answer 22

Rickettsia

Question 23

The spots of the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever are caused by…

Answer 23

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes lysing infected endothelial cells. can disseminated to heart and kidneys and cause shock…death

Question 24

Chlamydia trachomatis gram type?

Answer 24

G-

Question 25

Can C. trachomatis be cultured in a lab?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

Unique characteristic of C. trachomatis cell wall

Answer 26

no "peptidoglycan" synth but still looks G-

Question 27

Disease associated with Chlamydia trachomatis is caused by...

Answer 27

release of cytokines by infected cells creates damaging cell-mediated immune response

Question 28

5 Step process of C. trachomatis infecting a cell through cell lysis/exocytosis

Answer 28

1. adhesion to epithelial cell microvilli 2. reticulate body (replicating, fragile, noninfectious) in phagosomes without lysosomal fusion 3. replication and division 4. elementary body formation (stable, infectious) 5. cell lysis/exocytosis

Question 29

How many serotypes... Gonorrheal-like sexual disease: ? Lymphogranuloma venereum: ? Trachoma: ?

Answer 29

Gonorrheal-like: 8 serotypes Lymphogranuloma venereum: 3 serotypes Trachoma: 4 serotypes

Question 30

What Chlamydial disease causes walking pneumonia?

Answer 30

C. pneumoniae

Question 31

Chlamydial diseases have no immune protection. Reinfection with a Chlamydial disease causes a ____________.

Answer 31

stronger cell mediated immune response

Question 32

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Gram: Size: O2 req:

Answer 32

Gram: non-gram staining Size: 0.45 micrometers (cannot filter out) O2 req: strict aerobe

Question 33

______________ have a strong membrane due to sterols.

Answer 33

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 34

What is the leading cause of mild pneumonia in schools/military?

Answer 34

M. pneumonia (aerosol transmission in crowds)

Question 35

Is a vaccine available? Pneumococcal pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumonia: Mycoplasmal pneumonia:

Answer 35

Pneumococcal: capsular vaccine available Klebsiella: none Mycoplasmal: none

Question 36

Why is Mycoplasmal pneumonia called walking pneumonia?

Answer 36

usually mild without need for hospitalization