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Microbiology > Exam 3 (Enteric Bacteria) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Enteric Bacteria) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are enteric bacteria G- or G+?

A

G-

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2
Q

What does the H antigen do for enteric bacteria?

A

peritrichous flagella = motility

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3
Q

Shigella, Klebsiella, and Yersinia are all ___________ enteric bacteria.

A

non-motile

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4
Q

K and Vi antigens on ___________ bacteria form a _________.

A
  • enteric

- capsule

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5
Q

What enteric bacteria species have a capsule?

A

Klebsiella, enterobacter, E. coli

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6
Q

ALL enteric bacteria have ______ with enterobacterial common antigen and serotype-specific __ _______.

A
  • LPS

- O antigen

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7
Q

Cholera toxin causes….

A

watery diarrhea

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8
Q

Shiga toxin causes…

A

blood in diarrhea

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9
Q

Pathogen E. coli strains that cause inflammation and neutrophils in the stool cause…

A

puss in diarrhea = dysentery

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10
Q

What is heat-stable enterotoxin?

A

LPS

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11
Q

What structures form the enterobacterial common antigen?

A

The outer and inner core sugars of LPS

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12
Q

What is the Type III secretion system?

A

20 protein system that looks like a short, hollow flagellum to inject a variety of species specific toxins into host cells

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13
Q

A translocated intimin receptor is inserted via….

A

Type III secretion system

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14
Q

Escherichia coli are G+ or G-?

A

G-

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15
Q

E. coli is spread in what three ways?

A
  • person-to-person
  • contaminated food
  • human and animal feces
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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of E. coli’s heat-labile enterotoxin?

A
  • ADP-ribosylation of G protein
  • incr cAMP
  • loss of water + electrolytes
  • watery diarrhea
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17
Q

Mechanism of action of E. coli’s shiga toxin?

A
  • inactivation of 60s ribosome subunit by removal of adenine base from nucleotide of 28s rRNA
  • stop translation
  • cell death
  • bloody diarrhea
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18
Q

Symptoms of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and treatment?

A

Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome
Tx: replenish fluids antibiotics contraindicated

19
Q

Symptoms of Uropathogenic E. coli?

A

cystitis (bladder infection)

20
Q

What is responsible for 70-90% of bladder infections?

A

E. coli

21
Q

What are the virulence factors of Shigella dysenteriae?

A
  • Shiga toxin: bloody/watery diarrhea

- Cell invasion: neutrophils = pus

22
Q

Epidemiology of shigella dysenteriae?

A

fecal-oral route (fecally contaminated food/water, humans usually only source

23
Q

What are the 5 Steps of Shigella dysenteriae infection?

A
  1. shigellas taken up by M cells, taken up by macrophages that die and release them
  2. shigella enter epithelial cells via endocytosis and lyse endosomes
  3. actin filament tails push shigella into next cell
  4. shigellas multiply
  5. infected cells die, acute inflammatory response from neutrophils, apoptosis and abscess formation
24
Q

What salmonella strain causes typhoid fever and has a high mortality?

A

S. enterica

25
Q

4 virulence factors of Salmonella/

A
  1. Type III secretion system
  2. intracellular endosome growth in macrophages (prevents fusion of pagosome + lysosome)
  3. invasive into diff tissues and organs via macrophages
  4. destruction of Peyer’s Patches (intestinal rupture)
26
Q

What bacteria is known to destroy Peyer’s Patches and cause intestinal rupture?

A

Salmonella

27
Q

4 Steps of Salmonella invasion?

A
  1. M cell uptake through ruffles
  2. electrolyte release to lumen (diarrhea/gastroenteritis)
  3. release of inflammatory exudate
  4. transport to lymph nodes/transient diarrhea
28
Q

Be able to draw diagram of Typhoid Fever Pathogenesis from 3.6 - Slide 14

A

3.6 - Slide 14

29
Q

Is Enterobacteriaceae G+ or G-?

A

G-

30
Q

ID: gram- curved rods, salt tolerant, found in marine environments

A

Vibrio cholerae

31
Q

How do vibrio cholerae adhere to cells?

A

toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp)

32
Q

How do vibrio cholerae cause diarrhea?

A

heat labile exotoxin: protein A causes cAMP rise
OR
ST (toxin) raises cGMP levels with similar effect

33
Q

What does neurminidase do?

A

incrases cholera toxin binding

34
Q

TCP production by cholera is only produced….

A

in the intestine

35
Q

What genes encode the proteins for cholera toxin?

A

ctxA and ctxB

36
Q

What is the common epidemic strain of cholera?

A

serovar O1

37
Q

What was the new strain that started the newest cholera pandemic in the 90’s? Did the O1 vaccine protect?

A
  • serovar O139 with a capsule

- no

38
Q

4 virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae?

A
  1. cholera toxin
  2. toxin-coregulated pili
  3. toxins
  4. neuraminidase
39
Q

How is V. cholerae self limiting? What is the treatment?

A
  • intestinal cells with surface bacteria are shed

- rehydration + electrolytes

40
Q

What bacteria can be spread by undercooked coastal crabs?

A

V. cholerae

41
Q

Where does Campylobacter jejune grow?

A

-inside or beneath intestinal epithelial cells

42
Q

Is campylobacter G+ or G-? What is its shape?

A
  • G-

- vibrio (curved), short S or comma shaped rods

43
Q

What is the reservoir of C. jejune? Transmission? Diseases (3)?

A
  • zoonotic (intestinal**)
  • contaminated food (>89% poultry), milk
  • gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery
44
Q

What is the treatment for Campylobacter jejune?

A

NONE

-disease resolves in about 1 week and get protective immunity

Microbiology (11 decks)

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