Exam 3 review Flashcards
In what structure would you expect to find circular folds, villi, and microvilli?
Oral Cavity
Stomach
Large intestine
small intestine
Esophagus
small intestine
The sphincter muscle that controls flow of chyme to the small intestine is the…
Pyloric sphincter
Gastroesophageal sphincter
Anal sphincter
Iliocecal sphincter
Sphincter of Oddi
Pyloric sphincter
The bacterium Heliobacter pylori causes gastric ulcers by…
Secreting large amount of acid
Destroying the stomachs gastric glands
Neutralizing stomach acid
Producing gas
Destroying the stomachs bicarbonate rich mucus layer
Destroying the stomachs bicarbonate rich mucus layer
Fats absorbed in the small intestine are…
Broken down and absorbed in the liver
Transported to the liver
Transported through lymphatic vessels to the blood
Transported to and stored in the gallbladder
Stored by epithelial cells in the small intestine
Transported through lymphatic vessels to the blood
Which list correctly places the various digestive structures in order from first to last (top to bottom) along the GI tract?
Teeth, esophagus, peyers patches, appendix, gastric glands
Gastric pits, pyloric sphincter, circular folds, appendix, sigmoidal colon
Circular folds, bicarbonate rich mucus, peyers patches, lacteals, rectum
Stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
Duodenum, ilium, jejunum, stomach, large intestine
Gastric pits, pyloric sphincter, circular folds, appendix, sigmoidal colon
Layers of smooth and slippery tissue that surround many digestive organs and allow them to move freely within the abdomen are called…
Omentum
abdominal ligament
Pericardium
Peritoneum
Pleura
Peritoneum
Steatorrhea is the presence of increased fat in feces. Based on what you know about the function of organs in the GI tract, which organ do you think is LEAST LIKELY to be the cause of a patient’s steatorrhea?
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Stomach
The ____ cells secrete ________ , the enzyme precursor which begins the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach.
Chief
pepsinogen
Stem cells in the small intestine are located in which of the following structures?
Payers patches
Intestinal crypts
Brunner’s glands
crypt keepers
Intestinal crypts
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
Produce Albumin
Secrete digestive enzymes
Glycogen storage
Produce bile
Detoxify drugs
Secrete digestive enzymes
Juxtaglomerular nephrons are able to produce more concentrated urine than cortical nephrons because…
The JG nephrons have longer PCT and DCT’s
The collecting ducts of JG nephrons have more aquaporins
JG nephrons have a larger glomerular capillary surface area
The glomerus of JG nephrons is located in the cortex
The loop of Henly of JG nephrons descend deeper into the renal medulla
The loop of Henly of JG nephrons descend deeper into the renal medulla
Normal functions of the kidney include all of the following except…
Cleanse the blood of wastes, and excess ions
Stimulate red blood cell production (EPO)
Regulate blood pressure
Produce glucose during stress (gluconeogenesis)
Filtering damaged red blood cell from circulation
Filtering damaged red blood cell from circulation
Which of the following statements is false regarding filtration at the glomerulus?
Glomerular filtration is influenced by blood pressure within the glomerulus.
Glomerular filtration selectively filters Na+ ions.
Only very small molecules are allowed to pass into bowman’s capsule.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole will increase glomerular filtration.
Filtrate must pass through endothelial cell fenestrations, basement membrane, and the foot processes of podocytes.
Glomerular filtration selectively filters Na+ ions.
High osmolarity (salt concentration) in the renal medulla is critical for which of the following processes?
Urine concentration
Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Na+/K+ ATPase function
Tubular reabsorption
Urine concentration
Which of the following is NOT true of Renin?
Renin increases aldosterone secretion
Renin stimulates ADH release from pituitary
Renin increases urine output
Renin stimulates arterial vasoconstriction
Renin activates the angiotensin system
Renin increases urine output
Which of the following correctly describes the path that filtrate flows through a nephron?
Glomerulus, DCT, Loop of Henle, PCT, Collecting duct
Glomerulus, Loop of Henle, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct
Glomerulus, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting duct
Collecting duct, DCT, Loop of Henle, PCT, Glomerulus
PCT, Collecting duct, DCT, Loop of Henle, Glomerulus
Glomerulus, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting duct
Rostafuroxin is a medicine that inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase activity in renal tubules. Based on this, Rostafuroxin is probably used to…
Decrease blood pressure
Increase blood pressure
Result in more concentrated urine
Decrease urine output
Enhance glucose reabsorption
Decrease blood pressure
Highly elevated glucose concentrations in the renal filtrate will cause…
Enhanced glomerular filtration
Enhance tubular re-absorption
Excessive urine concentration
Decreased urine output
Excessive urine output
Excessive urine output
Which of the following statements is TRUE of JG cells?
JG cells release ANP in response to low pressure in afferent artery
JG cells release ANP in response to low pressure in afferent artery
JG cells release renin in response to low pressure in afferent artery
None of these statements about JG cells are true
JG cells release renin in response to high pressure in afferent artery
JG cells release renin in response to low pressure in afferent artery
All of the following would probably increase tubular reabsorption except…
Aldosterone release from the adrenal glands
Release of ANP
Juxtaglomerular cell release of Renin
Increased expression of Na+/ATPase pumps in the PCT
Vasodilation of afferent arteries
Release of ANP
Diabetes insipidus is caused by…
Increased ANP secretions
Decreased ADH secretions
Decreased aldosterone secretions
Increased glucose in renal filtrate
Decreased renin secretions
Decreased ADH secretions
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates renal function by…
Causing enhanced water absorption in the kidney
Increasing Na+ reabsorption in the kidney
Increasing urea reabsorption in the kidney
Stimulating conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin II
Decreasing the number of Na/K ATPases present in the PCT.
Decreasing the number of Na/K ATPases present in the PCT.
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for most of the Na+, K+, and HCO3- reabsorption?
Ascending loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Descending loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
The structure whose job is to keep food and water out of the trachea is the…
Esophageal sphincter
Epiglottis
Larynx
Uvula
Concha and Meatus
Epiglottis
