Exam 3 respiratory system physiology Flashcards
Carbonic anhydrase
Enzyme found in erythrocytes that catalyze, the formation of carbonic acid. Which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
That’s how carbon dioxide can be moved within erythrocytes. Carbon dioxide - carbonic acid - bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
Acidosis
Drop on the pH of blood below 7.3
Where is the brainstem respiratory centers
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Alkalosis
Ph level higher than 7.4
Hypercapnia
excess CO2 in arterial blood
Pneumothorax
Air within the pleura cavity
Alveoli
Gas exchange
150 million
more surface area for a faster rate of diffusion
Alveoli cell types
Squamous (type I) - main cells, gas exchange
Great alveolar (type II) - not involved in gas exchange, repair epithelium. Secrete Surfactant
Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) - Phagocytize dust particles
Surfactant
Has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends
prevents alveolars from collapsing and continue to re-inflate
Respiratory membrane
Membrane that gases have to cross for us to have gas exchange.
From lungs to erythrocytes we have to cross squamous alveolar cells
And the basement membrane
Ventilation
inhaling and exhaling
respiratory cycle
Respiratory cycle
a breath in, breath out
Inspiration
Expiration
Respiratory muscles
Diaphram - prime mover for inspiration intercostals - prime mover for inspiration accessory muscles (pectoralis, scalenes) Inspiration and expiration
Boyle’s law
Inverse
Volume goes up, pressure goes down
When we take a breath in the lungs expand the volume increases, the pressure decreases.
That pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, gas will want to go inside because of the pressure gradient.
Charles Law
Direct
The volume of gas proportional to its temperature
volume goes up, the temperature goes up
The respiratory tract warms the temperature of the gas, the volume of gas expands helping to expand the lungs
During cold months this helps to warm the air before they get to the alveoli