Exam 3 respiratory system physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

Enzyme found in erythrocytes that catalyze, the formation of carbonic acid. Which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
That’s how carbon dioxide can be moved within erythrocytes. Carbon dioxide - carbonic acid - bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acidosis

A

Drop on the pH of blood below 7.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the brainstem respiratory centers

A

Pons

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alkalosis

A

Ph level higher than 7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypercapnia

A

excess CO2 in arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air within the pleura cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alveoli

A

Gas exchange
150 million
more surface area for a faster rate of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alveoli cell types

A

Squamous (type I) - main cells, gas exchange

Great alveolar (type II) - not involved in gas exchange, repair epithelium. Secrete Surfactant

Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) - Phagocytize dust particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Surfactant

A

Has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends

prevents alveolars from collapsing and continue to re-inflate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

Membrane that gases have to cross for us to have gas exchange.
From lungs to erythrocytes we have to cross squamous alveolar cells
And the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ventilation

A

inhaling and exhaling

respiratory cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiratory cycle

A

a breath in, breath out
Inspiration
Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Respiratory muscles

A
Diaphram - prime mover for inspiration
intercostals - prime mover for inspiration
accessory muscles (pectoralis, scalenes) Inspiration and expiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Inverse
Volume goes up, pressure goes down
When we take a breath in the lungs expand the volume increases, the pressure decreases.
That pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, gas will want to go inside because of the pressure gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Charles Law

A

Direct
The volume of gas proportional to its temperature
volume goes up, the temperature goes up
The respiratory tract warms the temperature of the gas, the volume of gas expands helping to expand the lungs
During cold months this helps to warm the air before they get to the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tidal Volume TV

A

One cycle of quiet breathing

17
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume IRV

A

Amount that can be inhaled beyond TV inhalation

-Restrictive disorder, pulmonary compliance

18
Q

Expiratory reserve volume ERV

A

The amount that can be forcefully exhaled beyond TV exhalation
Obstructive respiratory disorder

19
Q

Residual volume RV

A

Volume of air that remains even after maximal expiration

20
Q

Vital capacity

A

IRV, ERV, TV= total

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation

21
Q

Spirometer

A

used to measure ventilation

22
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Pco2 less than 37mmHg
the most common cause of alkalosis
Hyperventilation to compensate for blood being acidic

23
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Pco2 greater than 43 mmHg
the most common cause of acidosis
Hypoventilation

24
Q

3 pairs of respiratory centers

A

Ventral respiratory group VRG
Dorsal respiratory group DRG
Pontine respiratory group

25
Q

VRG ventral respiratory group

A

A pacesetter of the normal respiratory cycle
Inspiratory neurons: Stimulate diaphragm and intercostal
Expiratory neurons: Expire, don’t stimulate anything

26
Q

DRG dorsal respiratory group

A

External influence of VRG
Gets info from: Central and peripheral chemoreceptors, stretch receptors, irritant receptors
- After the info is received the DRG influences VRG to change the pattern of breathing

27
Q

Pontine respiratory group

A

In the pons
Influences VRG and DRG
modifies breathing to sleep, emotional response, exercise etc
integrates input from higher brain center

28
Q

Resistance to airflow

A

Diameter of bronchioles
Pulmonary compliance
Surface tension of alveoli

29
Q

Measurement of ventilation and respiratory disorders

A

The method used to determine the respiratory disorder
Restrictive disorder: Restrict the airflow, decrease in pulmonary compliance. IRV, ERV,
Obstructive disorder: obstruction preventing air from flowing. Expiratory Reserve Volume, they can’t push a lot of that air out

30
Q

Daltons Law

A

A mix of gases that make up one gas

Add each gas’s pressure to get total pressure

31
Q

Gas transport of O2

A

O2: transported on hemoglobin within the erythrocyte

Oxyhemoglobin

32
Q

Gas transport of Carbon Dioxide

A

Carbonic Acid within erythrocyte 90% (carbonic anhydrase)
Carbamino compounds - bind to hemoglobin HbCO2
Dissolved gases - dissolved in plasma

33
Q

Alveolar gas exchange

A

Opposite of systemic gas exchange
O2 poor blood to lungs and we have gas exchange
we pick up O2 and drop CO2