Exam 3 Respiratory System Anatomy part Flashcards
Chapter 22 A&PII
Functions of the respiratory system
- Gas exchange
- Olfaction
- Acid-base balance
- Communication through vocal cords
- Movement of fluids
- Balsava movement
Ventilation
Breathing in and out
Inspiring and expiring
Cellular respiration
Last step
02 picks up electrons to continue the chain in ATP production.
- By product is CO2
Internal respiration
Gas exchange at the tissues
O2 goes out from the blood into tissues, CO2 goes into the blood from the tissues
O2 needed to produce ATP
External Respiration
Gas exchange at the pulmonary circuit
O2 goes in, CO2 goes out
Organs of the respiratory system
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
Two division of repiratory system
Conducting division
Respiratory division
Conducting division
Movement
Function is airflow
Moving the air
Respiratory division
Function in gas exchange
Nose
Inlet and outlet
Sensory receptor cells for smell
Cleans humidifies and warms the air
Resonating chamber for voice
Tissues that make up the outside of the nose
- Bone
- Hyaline cartilage
- Septo cartilage (divided the nasal fossa)
- Dense connective tissue
Vestibule
The initial portion of the nose
where we see the little hairs
Lines with stratifies squamous to protect again abrasion
Nasal fasa
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
Goblet cells
Respiratory mucosa
The 3 “finger-like” structures when looking at the upper respiratory tract from a side view
Conchae
Turbinates:
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Space between the conchae or turbinate
Meatuce
Where air flows through the nasal fossa
Where air comes into contact with the respiratory mucosa
Inferior conchae function
Prevents drying out
Venus plexus engorges with blood and swells preventing air from flowing through that side of the nasal cavity
Posterior nasal aperture
End of the nasal cavity
Air moves into the pharynx
Pharynx
Muscular funnel extending 5 inches from choanae to the larynx
3 regions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Most superior Respiratory mucosa, ciliated pseudostratified columni Pharyngeal tonsils Pharingo tympanic tube Soft palate
Oropharynx
Behind the mouth
Food also passes through here
Stratified squamous epithelium
Ends where epiglottis starts
Laryngopharynx
Stratified squamous epithelium
Air will go anterior side into the respiratory tract
If food it will go posterior into esophagus
Larynx cartilage
-Big unpaired cartilage
Thyroid hyaline cartilage (anterior-shield)
Cricoid hyaline cartilage (ring-like, goes around)
Epiglottis elastic cartilage
-Small paired cartilages: (attached to vocal cords which produce frequency)
Corniculate cartilage (tip of structure)
Arytenoid cartilage (The body that leads to the tip)
Qubi form cartilage (we can’t see them) Support soft tissue in the larynx
Muscles of the larynx
Intristic: Vocalization
Extrinsic: Larynx up when we swallow, makes epiglottis closes
Trachea
-Tube that extends from the larynx to bronchi
-Multiple C-shape hyaline cartilage rings to prevent trachea from collapsing
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Muco ciliated elevator
In the trachea, it pushes mucus back into the larynx
Carina
The internal ridge that splits the trachea into bronchi
Bronchial tree
Right side: 3 lobar bronchi
Left side: 2 lobar bronchi
They continue to split from lobar bronchi to segmental bronchi,
to bronchioles, to terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles,
to alveolar ducts and finally alveolar sacs. From there it goes to the atrium
Lungs
Organ where gas exchange happens
Right lung has 3 lobes
The left side has 2 lobes
Right Lung
Divided by horizontal fissure which divides superior and middle lobe
Oblique fissure divided middle and inferior lobe
Left Lung
Two lobes dived by oblique fissures
Pleurae
The serous lining around the lung.
Helps us breathe by allowing lungs to expand
Visceral: directly on the lungs
Parietal: Inner lining of the ribcage
Pleural cavity: potential space, pleural fluid
Helom
Where things go in and out of that organ
