Exam 3. Lymphatic and Immune system Flashcards
A&P II chapter 22
Functions of the lymphatic system
Fluid recovery: To maintain blood pressure
Immunity: Lymphatic cells in the lymph and nodes
Lipid absorption: Lacteals pick up that were not absorbed
Components of the lymphatic system
Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic cells Lymphatic tissues Lymphatic organs
Lymph
clear colorless similar to plasma. No formed elements
Lymphatic vessels
Transport lymph back to the blood
Lymphatic cells
B, T-lymphocyte, NK, Macrophage, dendritic cells the and reticular cells
Dendritic and Reticular cells
Function like macrophages
Can also: Sound the alarm to alert other immune cells of a foreign substance, cancer cells, diseased cells
Lymphatic tissue
Not a new tissue, a large aggregation of lymphatic cells
Lymphatic organs
Several lymphatic cells
the structure will have a capsule that separates the lymphatic cell from everything else around them.
Bone marrow, Thymus, Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen
Lymphatic capillaries
Exchange of fluid
penetrate almost all tissue int he body
absent from CNS, cartilage, cornea and bone marrow
Blind-ended capillaries
Large gaps that allow continues to flow into it
Lymphatic vessels
Very similar to veins
Tunica Interna, media and externa
How do we move the lymph?
Skeleton muscle pump
Thoracic pump
One way valves
Lymph flow
Lymphatic capillaries Collecting vessels Six lymphatic trunks Two collecting ducts Subclavian vein
Six lymphatic trunks
Jugular- cephalic Subclavian- arms Bronchomedistinal- heart, bronchi, lungs Intercostal- ridge cage muscles Intestinal- abdominal organs Lumbar- legs
2 Collecting ducts
End of line
RIght lymphatic duct: Right jugular, R. subclavian, R, bronchomediastenal, R intercostal.
Thoracic ducts: Everything else. Sarts below the diaphragm.
the starting point called cisterna chylii
Redbone marrow function in the lymphatic system
Where the lymphatic cells are produced, NK B, T, macrophages
Thymus in the lymphatic system
T-cell maturation
by secreting thymosin and thymopoietin
Spleen
Red and White Pulp.
In red pulp: storage of erythrocytes
In white pulp: lymphatic tissue, cells. Where spleen monitors for anything foreign.
Lymph Node
It monitors the lymph
Most numerous lymphatic organs
It cleanses the lymph
acts as a site of activation for T and B cell
The dendritic cells and macrophages will be the first to encounter foreign material here.
BMT cells will be activated here
The tonsils
Protects against invaders via respiration or ingesting food
1st line of defense against pathogens
External barriers
Skin, mucous membranes
Dermis, epidermis (stratifies squamous epithelium)
Sweating making it more acidic
2nd line of defense against pathogens
- Innate, non-specific, built in mechanisms
- Leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, immune surveillence (NK cells) inflammation and fever
3rd line of defense against pathogens
- The immune system, most sophisticated
- Adaptive or specific immune response, meaning it can adapt to specific pathogens the boy is fighting.
- Once the pathogen is defeated, a memory will be produced so the body can respond it faster the second time.
Phagocytes
Phagocytic cells that phagocytize foreign matter
Five types of leukocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocyte