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CDM1 > Exam 3: Respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 3: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Trachea, left lung (2 lobes), right lung (3 lobes)

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3
Q

Order of lung lining

A

Lung, visceral pleura, parietal pleura

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4
Q

Diaphragm: Contracting

A

pulls open rib cage, reduce pressure of chest cavity, air IN

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5
Q

Diaphragm: Relaxing

A

Contracts rib cage, increase pressure of chest cavity, pushes air OUT

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6
Q

Intercostal muscles def

A

muscles between ribs

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7
Q

Scalenes def

A

Muscles above clavicle

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8
Q

Affiliated cells def

A

clear lungs of foreign particles

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9
Q

Goblet cells

A

Produce mucus

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10
Q

Pulmonary arteriole def

A

Brings oxygen depleted blood from heart

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11
Q

Pulmonary venule def

A

Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

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12
Q

3 Units to ensure fxn of respiratory system

A

Alveolar ventilation
Pulmonary perfusion
Gas Exchange

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13
Q

Alveolar ventilation def

A

Inhale (active)/exhale (passive)

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14
Q

Pulmonary perfusion def

A

Blood flow to lungs

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15
Q

Gas exchange def

A

ventilation and perfusion needed for gas exchange

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16
Q

Pathophysiology of ventilation: restrictive

A

Inability to effective breathe in

Ex. interstitial lung disease, infiltrative lung disease (pneumonia), disorders of pleura or chest wall, surgical resection of lung (lobe removed), pregnancy, obesity, ascites

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17
Q

Pathophysiology of ventilation: obstructive

A

Inability to effectively breathe out
Reduces FEV1/FVC ratio to <70%

Ex. Asthma

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18
Q

Pathophysiology of perfusion: pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot prevents effective gas exchange

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19
Q

Respiratory assessment: sputum - mucoid

A

mucus is present

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20
Q

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: Purulent

A

Contains pus

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21
Q

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: yellow green

A

Upper respiratory infection

22
Q

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: rusty

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

23
Q

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: pink

A

Blood mixed in alveoli/bronchioles

Pneumonia or pulmonary edema

24
Q

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: frothy

A

air bubbles from fluid in pulmonary capillaries that enters alveoli

25
Q

Respiratory Assessment: Sputum: bloody

A

hemorrhage in respiratory tract, embolism, or trauma to the respiratory tract

26
Q

Dyspnea def

A

shortness of breath

27
Q

Orthopnea def

A

only occurs when laying flat, usually due to fluid distribution in lungs

28
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea def

A

Sudden gasping for air when sleeping

29
Q

Wheezing def

A

high pitched sound usually exhalation but can be either

30
Q

Pleuritic pain def

A

chest pain when breathing, sharp/stabbing pain when inhaling (inflammation from pleural membranes)

31
Q

Tachypnea def

A

> 18 bpm

32
Q

Bradypnea def

A

<14bpm

33
Q

Normal respirator rate

A

14-18bpm

34
Q

Hypernea def

A

normal rate but deeper than usual

35
Q

What causes cyanosis

A

lack of oxygen

36
Q

What causes pallor

A

decreased blood flow

37
Q

Normal breath sounds: bronchial sounds: location, pitchy, expiratory vs inspiratory sounds

A

listen over trachea and larynx
high pitched, loud
expiratory sounds > inspiratory

38
Q

Normal breath sounds: bronchovesicular sounds: location, pitchy, expiratory vs inspiratory sounds

A

Listen over major bronchi or between scapula
Medium pitch and intensity
Expiratory = inspiratory

39
Q

Normal breath sounds: vesicular sounds: location, pitchy, expiratory vs inspiratory sounds

A

Listen over smaller bronchioles and alveoli
Low pitched and soft
Inspiration>Expiration

40
Q

Adventitious breath sounds: Rales/crackles sounds

A

Short, popping sounds
Most often during inhalation
Can indicate: infxn, inflammation, CHF

41
Q

Adventitious breath sounds: Wheezes, stridor, and rhonchi

A

Wheezes - high pitched, heard over airways
Stridor - high pitched wheeze, heard over larynx
Rhonchi - low pitched, snoring quality

42
Q

Adventitious breath sounds: Friction rub

A

Deep harsh, grating sound
inspiration > expiration
caused by rubbing of visceral and parietal pleura

43
Q

Normal blood pH range

A

7.35-7.45

44
Q

Normal PaO2 range

A

80-100mmHg

45
Q

Normal PaCO2 range

A

35-45 mmHg

46
Q

Normal SaO2 range

A

92-100 on room air

47
Q

FVC def

A

forced vital capacity (biggest hardest exhalation)

48
Q

FEV1 def

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 second (first second of exhalation)

Should be >70%

49
Q

Peak flow meter: Green

A

80-100%, no action needed

50
Q

Peak flow meter: Yellow

A

50-80%, asthma acting up, pt may need rescue med

51
Q

Peak flow meter: Red

A

<50%, pt needs med and needs medical attention

CDM1 (19 decks)

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