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CDM1 > 14 Medications > Flashcards

14 Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

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2
Q

Amlodipine

A

Norvasc

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3
Q

Aspirin

A

Bayer Aspirin

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4
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

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5
Q

Glyburide

A

Micronase

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6
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Hydrodiuril

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7
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Motrin

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8
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Levaquin

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9
Q

Lisinopril

A

Zestril

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10
Q

Losartan

A

Cozaar

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11
Q

Metformin

A

Glucophage

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12
Q

Metoprolol succinate

A

Toprol XL

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13
Q

Metoprolol tartrate

A

Lopressor

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14
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor

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15
Q

What is the classification of acetaminophen?

A

Analgesic/antipyretic

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16
Q

What is the classification of amlodipine?

A

Antihypertensive

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17
Q

What is the classification of aspirin?

A

NSAID/anti-platelet

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18
Q

What is the classification of atorvastatin?

A

Hypolipemic

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19
Q

What is the classification of glyburide?

A

Antidiabetic

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20
Q

What is the classification of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Diuretic

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21
Q

What is the classification of ibuprofen?

A

NSAID

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22
Q

What is the classification of levofloxacin?

A

Antibiotic

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23
Q

What is the classification of lisinopril?

A

Antihypertensive

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24
Q

What is the classification of losartan?

A

Antihypertensive

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25
Q

What is the classification of metformin?

A

Antidiabetic

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26
Q

What is the classification of metoprolol succinate?

A

Beta-blocker (antihypertensive)

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27
Q

What is the classification of metoprolol tartate?

A

Beta-blocker (anti-hypertensive)

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28
Q

What is the classification of simvastatin?

A

Hypolipemic

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29
Q

What is the indication of acetaminophen?

A

analgesia, fever

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30
Q

What is the indication of amlodipine?

A

hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina

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31
Q

What is the indication of aspirin?

A

Pain, fever, acute coronary syndrome

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32
Q

What is the indication of atorvastatin?

A

hyperlipidemia

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33
Q

What is the indication of glyburide?

A

diabetes

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34
Q

What is the indication of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

hypertension, edema

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35
Q

What is the indication of ibuprofen?

A

pain relief, fever, headache

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36
Q

What is the indication of levofloxacin?

A
  • treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, including multidrug resistant strains of S. pneumoniae (MDRSP)
  • nosocomial pneumonia
  • chronic bronchitis (acute bacterial exacerbation)
  • acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS)
  • prostatitis (chronic bacterial)
  • UTI (uncomplicated or complicated)
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • skin or skin structure infections (uncomplicated or complicated)
  • reduce incidence or disease progression of inhalational anthrax (postexposure)
  • prophylaxis and treatment of plague (pneumonic and septicemic) due to Y.
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37
Q

What is the indication of lisinopril?

A

hypertension, CHF, acute MI

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38
Q

What is the indication of losartan?

A

hypertension, diabetic nephropathy

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39
Q

What is the indication of metformin?

A

diabetes mellitus, type 2

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40
Q

What is the indication of metoprolol succinate?

A

angina, heart failure, HTN, MI

41
Q

What is the indication of metoprolol tartate?

A

angina, heart failure, HTN, MI

42
Q

What is the indication of simvastatin?

A

Hyperlipidemia, prophylaxis for CVD event risk

43
Q

What is the dose of acetaminophen?

A

IR: 325-650 PO/PR q4h
ER: 1000 mg PO q 6-8h

44
Q

What is the dose of amlodipine?

A

5 mg PO daily; may increase q7-14 days

Do not exceed 10 mg PO daily

45
Q

What is the dose of aspirin?

A
  • Pain & fever: 325-650 mg PO/PR q4-6h
  • ACS: 160-325 PO
  • chew nonenteric-coated tablet upon presentation
  • maintenance includes 81-325 mg/day
46
Q

What is the dose of atorvastatin?

A

10-80mg PO Daily

47
Q

What is the dose of glyburide?

A

1.25mg-20mg po daily, max 20 mg daily

48
Q

What is the dose of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Edema: 25-100 mg po daily in single or divided doses
HTN: initial 12.5-25mg po daily

49
Q

What is the dose of ibuprofen?

A

200-400mg po q4-6h prn (max 1200 mg/day)

50
Q

What is the dose of levofloxacin?

A

500-750 mg once daily

51
Q

What is the dose of lisinopril?

A

5-10mg po daily

52
Q

What is the dose of losartan?

A

50mg once daily

53
Q

What is the dose of metformin?

A

500mg BID or 850mg QD

titrate in increments of 500mg weekly or 850mg every other week

54
Q

What is the dose of metoprolol succinate?

A

25-100mg po daily

55
Q

What is the dose of metoprolol tartate?

A

25-100mg po daily

56
Q

What is the dose of simvastatin?

A

5-40mg po daily (dependent of intensity)

57
Q

What is the MOA of acetaminophen?

A
  • Acts on hypothalamus to produce antipyresis
  • peripherally works to block pain impulse generation
  • may inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS
58
Q

What is the MOA of amlodipine?

A
  • calcium channel blocker

- inhibits cardiac and vascular sm. muscle contraction leading to dilation of main coronary and systemic arteries

59
Q

What is the MOA of aspirin?

A
  • inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking COX
  • inhibits platelet aggregation
  • has antipyretic and analgesic activity
60
Q

What is the MOA of atorvastatin?

A

inhibits rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

61
Q

What is the MOA of glyburide?

A
  • sulfonylurea enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
  • increase peripheral utilization of glucose
  • suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis
  • possibly increase sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors
62
Q

What is the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Thiazides increase sodium and chloride excretion by interfering with their reabsorption in the cortical diluting segment of the nephron

63
Q

What is the MOA of ibuprofen?

A
  • Nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2
  • reversibly alters platelet function
  • prolongs bleeding time
64
Q

What is the MOA of levofloxacin?

A

As the S(-) enantiomer of the fluoroquinolone, ofloxacin, it inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms thereby inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of DNA strands
DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase II), is an essential bacterial enzyme that maintains the superhelical struction of DNA and is required for DNA replication and transcription , DNA repair, recombination, and transposition

65
Q

What is the MOA of lisinopril?

A
  • Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
  • prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, results in lower levels of angiotensin II (increase in plasma renin activity and reduction in aldosterone secretion)
  • CNS mechanism may also be involved in hypotensive effect as angiotensin II increases adrenergic outflow from CNS
  • vasoactive kallikreins may be decrease in conversion to active hormones by ACE inhibitors, thus reducing blood pressure
66
Q

What is the MOA of losartan?

A

As a selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II; losartan interacts reversibly at the AT1 and AT2 receptors of many tissues and has slow dissociation kinetics; its affinity for the AT1 receptor is 1000 times greater than the AT2 receptor. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may induce a more complete inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system than ACE inhibitors, they do not affect the response to bradykinin, and are less likely to be associated with nonrenin-angiotensin effects (eg, cough and angioedema). Losartan increases urinary flow rate and in addition to being natriuretic and kaliuretic, increases excretion of chloride, magnesium, uric acid, calcium, and phosphate.

67
Q

What is the MOA of metformin?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity (increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization)

68
Q

What is the MOA of metoprolol succinate?

A
  • Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors
  • competitively blocks beta1-receptors, little/no-effect on beta2-receptors at oral doses <100mg (in adults
  • does not exhibit any membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
69
Q

What is the MOA of metoprolol tartrate?

A
  • Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors
  • competitively blocks beta1-receptors, little/no-effect on beta2-receptors at oral doses <100mg (in adults
  • does not exhibit any membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
70
Q

What is the MOA of simvastatin?

A

Hydrolyzed to beta-hydroxyacid (potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor), increases rate of removal of cholesterol from body and reduces production by inhibiting conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (early and rate limiting step in biosynthesis of cholesterol)

71
Q

What are 3 ADEs for acetaminophen?

A
  1. angioedema
  2. disorientation/dizziness
  3. pruritic, maculopapular rash
72
Q

What are 3 ADEs for amlodipine?

A
  1. edema/pulmonary edema
  2. headache
  3. fatigue
73
Q

What are 3 ADEs for aspirin?

A
  1. angioedema, urticaria, rash
  2. bronchospasm
  3. CNS alteration
74
Q

What are 3 ADEs for atorvastatin?

A
  1. N/D/dyspepsia
  2. Nasopharyngitis
  3. arthralgia
75
Q

What are 3 ADEs for glyburide?

A
  1. noctural enuresis
  2. hypoglycemia, nausea, myalgia, skin rash, heartburn
  3. disulfiram reaction, hemolytic anemia
76
Q

What are 3 ADEs for hydrochlorothiazide?

A
  1. hypotension, dizziness, headache
  2. constipation, nausea, impotence
  3. hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
77
Q

What are 3 ADEs for ibuprofen?

A
  1. GI distress
  2. Edema, itching
  3. GI bleeding
78
Q

What are 3 ADEs for levofloxacin?

A
  1. nausea
  2. headache
  3. diarrhea
79
Q

What are 3 ADEs for lisinopril?

A
  1. dizziness
  2. hypotension
  3. hyperkalemia
80
Q

What are 3 ADEs for losartan?

A
  1. headache
  2. diarrhea
  3. hyperkalemia
81
Q

What are 3 ADEs for metformin?

A
  1. diarrhea
  2. N&V
  3. flatulence
82
Q

What are 3 ADEs for metoprolol succinate?

A
  1. dizziness
  2. fatigue
  3. hypotension
83
Q

What are 3 ADEs for metoprolol tartrate?

A
  1. dizziness
  2. fatigue
  3. hypotension
84
Q

What are 3 ADEs for simvastatin?

A
  1. myalgia, rhabdomyolysis
  2. abdominal pain
  3. increased LFTs
85
Q

Elimination of acetaminophen

A

hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine

86
Q

Elimination of amlodipine

A

hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine

87
Q

Elimination of aspirin

A

hepatic metabolism, excreted mostly in urine,

some in sweat, saliva, and feces

88
Q

Elimination of atorvastatin

A

hepatic metabolism, excreted mainly in bile

89
Q

Elimination of glyburide

A

Renal elimination 50%

90
Q

Elimination of hydrochlorothiazide

A

Eliminated 50-70% unchanged in urine

91
Q

Elimination of ibuprofen

A

hepatic metabolism via CYP2C19, 45-80% renal

92
Q

Elimination of levofloxacin

A

CrCl 20-50, reduce dose by 50%

CrCl 5-19 mL/min, extend interval by 48h

93
Q

Elimination of lisinopril

A 
Renal
- CrCl 10 to 30mL/min
Initial: 5mg once daily
- CrCl <10mL/min
Initial: 2.5mg once daily
94
Q

Elimination of losartan

A 
Renal
- GFR <30mL/minute/1.73 m2: use is not recommended
Hepatic
- mild to moderate hepatic impairment
initial: 25mg once daily
95
Q

Elimination of metformin

A

Renal

  • contraindicated in eGFR <30
  • eGFR 30 to 45 may consider 50% dosage reduction
96
Q

Elimination of metoprolol succinate

A

Liver disease - use slow dose titration

97
Q

Elimination of metoprolol tartrate

A

Liver disease - use slow dose titration

98
Q

Elimination of simvastatin

A

Extensive hepatic metabolism

Renal and fecal elimination

CDM1 (19 decks)

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