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CDM1 > Exam 1: Vitamins > Flashcards

Exam 1: Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A: Use

A

Eyesight (AMD/cataracts)

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2
Q

Vitamin A: 2 Types and names

A
  1. Retinol (preformed)

2. Beta-carotene (pro-vitamin)

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3
Q

Vitamin A: Dosing - UL

A

UL: 3000 mcg (preformed vitamin A) – avoid high doses if pregnant (birth defects)

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4
Q

Vitamin A: Adverse effects

A 
Yellow skin (too much beta-carotene, harmless)
Hepatotoxicity 
Birth defects (retinol)
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5
Q

Vitamin B1: Name

A

Thiamin

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6
Q

Vitamin B1: Use

A

Alcoholic dependency

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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7
Q

Vitamin B2: Name

A

Riboflavin

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8
Q

Vitamin B2: Uses

A

Migraines

Cataracts

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9
Q

Vitamin B2: Adverse effects

A

Diarrhea when used in large doses (>400mg for migraines)

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10
Q

Vitamin B3: Name

A

Niacin

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11
Q

Vitamin B3: Use

A

Cholesterol
Increases HCL
Decreases TG, LDL

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12
Q

Vitamin B3: Dosing

A

Cholesterol: 1-3g daily

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13
Q

Vitamin B3: Adverse Effects

A

Glucose intolerance
>50mg: Flushing/itching/headache
>1.5g: hepatotoxicity

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14
Q

Vitamin B6: Name

A

Pyridoxine

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15
Q

Vitamin B6: Use

A

Pregnancy induced nausea/vomiting

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16
Q

Vitamin B6: Dosing

A

10-25mg TID or QID (<100mg/day)

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17
Q

Vitamin B6: Adverse effect

A

Sensory neuropathy at doses >200mg

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18
Q

Vitamin B6: Other info

A

Decreases folic acid conc.

Antiepileptics may cause vitamin B6 deficiency

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19
Q

Vitamin B9: Name

A

Folate (Folic acid)

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20
Q

Vitamin B9: Uses

A

Neural tube defects

Alcoholic dependency

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21
Q

Vitamin B9: Dosing

A

Prevention of neural tube defects: 400mcg DFE (increase to 600mcg DFE when pregnancy is confirmed)

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22
Q

Vitamin B9: Warning with vitamin B12

A

Folic acid masks some s/sx of pernicious anemia resulting in neurologic deficiency if B12 deficient

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23
Q

Vitamin B9: Other drug interactions

A

Folic acid masks s/sx of pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency!)
May decrease effectiveness of methotrexate when used for cancer
Antiepileptics may reduce folate levels

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24
Q

Vitamin B12: Name

A

Cyanocobalamin

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25
Q

Vitamin B12: Use

A

Older adults

Pernicious anemia

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26
Q

Vitamin B12: Dosing equivalence

A

PO equivalent to IM

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27
Q

Vitamin B12: What decreases B12 ABSORPTION

A

PPIs and H2 receptor blockers

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28
Q

Vitamin B12: What decreases B12 LEVELS

A

Metformin

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29
Q

Vitamin B12: Drug interactions

A

PPIs, H2 blockers (Acid suppression decreases B12 absorption)
Metformin (decreases B12 levels)

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30
Q

Vitamin C: Name

A

Ascorbic acid

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31
Q

Vitamin C: Use

A

Immune function
Iron absorption
Wound healing

32
Q

Vitamin C: Cold dosing

A

2g daily (UL)

33
Q

Vitamin C: Adverse effects

A

Kidney stones possible (>1g daily)

34
Q

Vitamin C: Usually does not decrease duration or prevent colds unless you are ____ and/or _____

A

Chronic smokers/elderly (vit C deficiency)

35
Q

Vitamin C: May decrease cold duration by ___ days

A

1-1.5 days

36
Q

Vitamin D: 2 Types and names

A

Ergocalciferol (D2) and Cholecalciferol (D3)

37
Q

Vitamin D: Uses

A

Osteoporosis

Fall prevention

38
Q

Vitamin D: Dosing for 0-12 months

A

10mcg (400IU)

39
Q

Vitamin D: Dosing for 1-70y

A

15 mcg (600IU)

40
Q

Vitamin D: Dosing for >70y

A

20mcg (800IU)

41
Q

Vitamin D: Deficient serum levels

42
Q

Vitamin D: Insufficient serum levels

A

12-20ng/ml insufficient

43
Q

Vitamin D: Goal serum levels

A

30-60ng/ml

44
Q

Vitamin D: Considerations

A

Consider sun time / skin color / sunscreen

45
Q

Vitamin E: Name

A

Alpha-tocopherol

46
Q

Vitamin E: Uses

A

Dementia

AMD

47
Q

Vitamin E: Dosing for dementia

A

2000IU/day

48
Q

Vitamin E: Adverse effect

A

> 400 IU/d increases bleeding risk and risk of death in elderly with multiple co-morbidities or CVD

49
Q

Vitamin K: Name

A

Phytonadione

50
Q

Vitamin K: Use

A

Reverse effects of warfarin (decrease risk of bleeding)

51
Q

Vitamin K: Where is it found?

A

Found in green leafy vegetables

52
Q

Vitamin K: T/F: vit K and potassium equivalent

53
Q

Calcium: Use

A

Osteoporosis

Antiacid

54
Q

Calcium: Dosing for adults 20-50

55
Q

Calcium: Dosing for men 51-70y

56
Q

Calcium: Dosing for women >50 and men >70

57
Q

Calcium: Reason for dividing doses

A

Absorption starts to become saturated at doses >500mg (separate doses if >500)

58
Q

Calcium: TUMS

A

Calcium carbonate (highest % elemental calcium, inexpensive, less pills, acid dependent)

59
Q

Calcium: T/F Calcium carbonate has the lowest % elemental calcium

A

False – calcium carbonate has the highest elemental calcium

60
Q

Calcium: T/F Calcium salts have lower % elemental calcium, more expensive, more pills, acid independent

61
Q

Iron: Name

A

Ferrous suflate 325mg(65mg elemental)

62
Q

Iron: Use

63
Q

Iron: Treatment dosing

A

100-200mg elemental iron

64
Q

Iron: How is dosing typically divided?

A

TID due to saturation of absorption

65
Q

Iron: Adverse effects

A

Constipation
N/V
Dark stools
Abdominal pain

66
Q

Iron: What increases iron absorption?

67
Q

Iron: Drug interactions

A

Bisphosphonates
Levothyroxine
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracycline

68
Q

Magnesium: Use

A

Constipation

Headaches

69
Q

Magnesium: Adverse effects

70
Q

Magnesium: What decreases magnesium levels?

A

Chronic PPIs and diuretics

71
Q

Zinc: Uses

A

Common cold
Wound healing
AMD

72
Q

Zinc: What type of zinc is used for dandruff shampoo?

A

Zinc pyrithione

73
Q

Zinc: Adverse effects

A

Metallic taste

N/V

74
Q

Zinc: What formulation of zinc can cause anosmia?

A

intranasal gel/spray

75
Q

Zinc: Anosmia: What is anosmia?

A

Losing sense of smell

76
Q

Zinc: Antibiotic considerations

A

Separate antibiotics by 3 hours

CDM1 (19 decks)

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