Exam 3 - Renal and urologic systems Flashcards
What is the function of the renal and urologic systems?
- -filter waste products and remove excess fluid from the blood
- control mineral and water balance
- acid-base regulation
- secretion of endocrine hormones
- control arterial pressure
- store and excrete urine
3 locations that can be messed up with urine formation
1- blood flowing into the kidneys
2- blood within the kidney
3- changes in capillary pressures
What is GFR?
- glomerular filtration rate
- (125 ml/min)
- depends on a few things and is a good marker of kidney pathology going on
Acute kidney injury
- aka acute renal failure
- characterized by: rapid dec in GFR, dysregulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, and retention of metabolic waste products with dec urine flow
*temporary injury
Chronic kidney disease
- aka chronic renal failure
- altered kidney function and diminished GFR for MORE than 3 months
- MCC = diabetes
- final stage is ESRD (end stage renal disease)
ESRD
- end stage renal disease
- final stage of chronic kidney disease. loss of kidney function leading to significant systemic effects (need dialysis or transplant)
How do you diagnosis someone with CKD? (chronic kidney disease)
- history of DM, HTN, family history
- decreased GFR
- inc BUN and Creatinine
- protein in urine
How do you treat CKD?
- treat the underlying disease and help prevent further kidney damage (HTN, DM)
- manage cardiovascular risk factors (#1 cause of death)
- meds
- renal replacement therapy
What is glomerular disease?
- disease damaging the kidney’s filtering untis (glomeruli)
- MCC of ESRD worldwide. (DM,HTN in US)
-have primary and secondary
What is primary Glomerulonephritis?
linked to what?, 3 ways it can happen?, blah
- type of glomerular disease
- linked to immune mechanisms (antibody-antigen complexes clump together and get trapped)
- inflammation of glomerulus (autoimmune, filtering toxins, or complexes get trapped)
- Damages cells and basement membrane
- get proliferation of mesangial cells and ECM deposition
- fibrosis and sclerosis
Glomerulonephritis is associated with what 2 syndromes?
Nephritic syndrome = associated with blood (blood in urine, dec GFR, protein in urine, HTN)
Nephrotic syndrome = associated with protein (heavy proteinuria, dec protein in blood, severe edema, lipids in urine)
Why does Nephrotic syndrome cause edema?
-causes more proteins in the urine. this means less proteins in the blood. this changes osmotic pressure and fluids go into the tissues = EDEMA!
how do you diagnosis and treat glomerulonephritis?
Dx: test urine, serum antibody analysis, biopsy kidney
Treat: treat underlying disorder, immune suppressants, plamapheresis/dialysis or transplant (plasma… is like dialysis but filter antibodies?)
What is a UTI? (and symptoms)
- urinary tract infection
- very common
- Can have cyctitis (bladder) or urethritis
- symptoms: frequency, urgency, nocturia, pain, stuff in pee, mental status change in older adults
UTI diagnosis and treatment
diagnosis: history, urinalysis, scans for contributing factors
Treatment: antibiotics, inc fluid intake, treat contributing factors
