Exam 3 - other musculoskeletal diseases Flashcards
Reiter syndrome
-seronegative spondylarthritis
-** Chlamydia trachomatis
(can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)
Achilles periostitis
- radiologic sign of Reiter syndrome
- bone at junct of Achilles and plantar fascia
Circinate balanitis
- rash on penis
- due to Chlamydia
Septic arthritis: infectious
- seronegative spondylarthritis
- causative agents helps identify treatment!!
- most common nongonococcal cause = S. aureus
- most common in urban areas = gonorrhoeae
Lyme disease
(Septic arthritis?)
- Northeast or midwest
- From Borrelia burgdorferi
- carried on ticks found on deer
- hangs out on skin, CNS, joints, heart, eyes
- get rash first, then joint pain, and then CNS stuff
Getting septic arthritis from dog and cat bites
- due to pasteurella multocida
- cats more likely due to teeth
If you have sickle cell disease and get a bone infection it is mostly due to what bug?
-salmonella paratyphi
when you get TB in the spine it is called
Pott disease
infection of bone due to stepping on a nail with rubber bottom shoes caused by
P. aeruginosa
Osteomyelitis pathology
- bacteria in blood
- spreads to bone
- causes neutrophils to invade
- neutrophils destroy bone with enzymes
Osteomyelitis: sequestra vs involucrum
- sequestra = devitalized bone (dead)
- involucrum = reactive bone formation
Osteochrondroma = most common what
benign tumor of bone
osteoma associated with
gardner syndrome (polyps in colon?)
osteoid osteoma: pain
- pain at night
- stopped with ASA
osteoblastoma
- characteristics similar to osteoid osteoma
- ASA wont help!
Multiple myeloma
- cancer of plasma cells
- diagnose with electrophoresis
Risk factors: paget, retinoblastoma, irradiation, fibrous dysplasia
= osteosarcoma
X-ray shows codman triangle and sunburst
= osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
- small, round cells
- young males
- prox femur, pelvis, rib
- “onion skin” appearance on xray
Osteogenesis imperfecta
(aka brittle bone disease)
- defect in type 1 collagen synthesis
- autosomal dominant
- blue sclera, deafness, fractures at birth
- treat with: bisphosphonates
Osteopetrosis: marble bone disease
- defect in osteoclast resorption
- leads to skeletal sclerosis
- (usually a carbonic anhydrase II deficiency)
- no treatment
have normal head, spine with short arms and legs
-mutation in FGFR3
Achondroplasia
Fibrous dysplasia
medullary bone replaced by fibrous tissue
Neuropathic Arthropathy
- noninflammatory
- loss of proprioception and deep pain sensation
Avascular necrosis
- loss of blood supply
- common in femoral head, scaphoid, digits
avascular necrosis to the femoral head in kids
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Apophysitis
- inflammation of the apophysis
- commonly due to overuse, growth, traction apophysitis
Osgood-Schlatter
apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson
Apophysitis of inferior patella
Sever’s disease
apophysitis of calcaneus
Iselin’s disease
apophsitis of 5th metatarsal
Tetanus
- spores enter wound. eventually get to CNS
- lockjaw
- Treat: prevent, debride, etc
Duchenne MD
- frameshift mutation
- get **pseudohypertrophy of calves
- Gower maneuver (hands on knees)
Myotonic dystrophy
- autosomal dominant
- atrophy of type 1 fibers
- no treatment
Myasthenia gravis
-antibody against ACh receptors.
- ptosis
- muscle weakness
- dysphagia
