Exam 3 - other musculoskeletal diseases

Question 1

Reiter syndrome

Answer 1

-seronegative spondylarthritis
-** Chlamydia trachomatis
(can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)

Question 2

Achilles periostitis

Answer 2

• radiologic sign of Reiter syndrome

- bone at junct of Achilles and plantar fascia

Question 3

Circinate balanitis

Answer 3

• rash on penis

- due to Chlamydia

Question 4

Septic arthritis: infectious

Answer 4

• seronegative spondylarthritis
• causative agents helps identify treatment!!
• most common nongonococcal cause = S. aureus
• most common in urban areas = gonorrhoeae

Question 5

Lyme disease

Answer 5

(Septic arthritis?)

• Northeast or midwest
• From Borrelia burgdorferi
• carried on ticks found on deer
• hangs out on skin, CNS, joints, heart, eyes
• get rash first, then joint pain, and then CNS stuff

Question 6

Getting septic arthritis from dog and cat bites

Answer 6

• due to pasteurella multocida

- cats more likely due to teeth

Question 7

If you have sickle cell disease and get a bone infection it is mostly due to what bug?

Answer 7

-salmonella paratyphi

Question 8

when you get TB in the spine it is called

Answer 8

Pott disease

Question 9

infection of bone due to stepping on a nail with rubber bottom shoes caused by

Answer 9

P. aeruginosa

Question 10

Osteomyelitis pathology

Answer 10

• bacteria in blood
• spreads to bone
• causes neutrophils to invade
• neutrophils destroy bone with enzymes

Question 11

Osteomyelitis: sequestra vs involucrum

Answer 11

• sequestra = devitalized bone (dead)

- involucrum = reactive bone formation

Question 12

Osteochrondroma = most common what

Answer 12

benign tumor of bone

Question 13

osteoma associated with

Answer 13

gardner syndrome (polyps in colon?)

Question 14

osteoid osteoma: pain

Answer 14

• pain at night

- stopped with ASA

Question 15

osteoblastoma

Answer 15

• characteristics similar to osteoid osteoma

- ASA wont help!

Question 16

Multiple myeloma

Answer 16

• cancer of plasma cells

- diagnose with electrophoresis

Question 17

Risk factors: paget, retinoblastoma, irradiation, fibrous dysplasia

Answer 17

= osteosarcoma

Question 18

X-ray shows codman triangle and sunburst

Answer 18

= osteosarcoma

Question 19

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 19

• small, round cells
• young males
• prox femur, pelvis, rib
• “onion skin” appearance on xray

Question 20

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 20

(aka brittle bone disease)

• defect in type 1 collagen synthesis
• autosomal dominant
• blue sclera, deafness, fractures at birth
• treat with: bisphosphonates

Question 21

Osteopetrosis: marble bone disease

Answer 21

• defect in osteoclast resorption
• leads to skeletal sclerosis
• (usually a carbonic anhydrase II deficiency)
• no treatment

Question 22

have normal head, spine with short arms and legs

-mutation in FGFR3

Answer 22

Achondroplasia

Question 23

Fibrous dysplasia

Answer 23

medullary bone replaced by fibrous tissue

Question 24

Neuropathic Arthropathy

Answer 24

• noninflammatory

- loss of proprioception and deep pain sensation

Question 25

Avascular necrosis

Answer 25

• loss of blood supply

- common in femoral head, scaphoid, digits

Question 26

avascular necrosis to the femoral head in kids

Answer 26

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Question 27

Apophysitis

Answer 27

• inflammation of the apophysis

- commonly due to overuse, growth, traction apophysitis

Question 28

Osgood-Schlatter

Answer 28

apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity

Question 29

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson

Answer 29

Apophysitis of inferior patella

Question 30

Sever’s disease

Answer 30

apophysitis of calcaneus

Question 31

Iselin’s disease

Answer 31

apophsitis of 5th metatarsal

Question 32

Tetanus

Answer 32

• spores enter wound. eventually get to CNS
• lockjaw
• Treat: prevent, debride, etc

Question 33

Duchenne MD

Answer 33

• frameshift mutation
• get **pseudohypertrophy of calves
• Gower maneuver (hands on knees)

Question 34

Myotonic dystrophy

Answer 34

• autosomal dominant
• atrophy of type 1 fibers
• no treatment

Question 35

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 35

-antibody against ACh receptors.

• ptosis
• muscle weakness
• dysphagia