exam 3 - pregnancy and breastfeeding Flashcards
what is the first trimester
the first 13-14 weeks of pregnancy
what nutritional deficiencies occur during the first trimester
folate and neural tube defects, vitamin A toxicity and birth defects
the placenta develops during which time frame of pregnancy
first trimester
during the second trimester nutritional deficiencies will affect….
the mothers ability to breastfeed
infants gain fat stores during which time period of pregnancy
third trimester
deposition of ? and ? to the fetus during the last month
calcium and iron
the ? and ? mature during the last trimester
lungs and liver
a successful pregnancy includes
> 37 of gestation, mothers physical health, and >5.5 pound infant
what are causes to low birth weight
lack of maternal weight gain, smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse
adequate weight is the best predictor of ….
successful outcome
total weight gain during pregnancy is …
25-35 pounds for normal weight women
the RDA of protein intake for pregnant women increases…
25 grams/day
minimum of ? gm of CHO to prevent ?
175 grams, ketosis
supplements are recommended for women who …
have history of frequent dieting, drug or alcohol abuse, are teens, or are carrying multiple fetuses
what does caffeine do to pregnant women
may reduce blood flow through the placenta
what could happen when pregnant women consume unpasteurized milk
listeria monocytogenes
what are the major discomfort during pregnancy
heartburn, constipation, morning sickness
what is the treatment to avoiding heartburn during pregnancy
avoid laying down after eating, smaller meals
what is the treatment to avoiding constipation during pregnancy
exercise, adequate fluid, re-evaluate iron dose
what is the treatment to avoiding morning sickness during pregnancy
eat smaller, more bland meals, consider changing prenatal brand
what causes gestational diabetes
the hormones synthesized by the placenta decreases the action of insulin
what does pregnancy-induced hypertension cause
elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine, edema, liver and kidney damage
how long is breastfeeding recommended for
first 6 months of life
what does colostrum provide
antibodies and immune system cells, provides protection to infant against infection
