exam 3 - pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 1

what is the first trimester

Answer 1

the first 13-14 weeks of pregnancy

Question 2

what nutritional deficiencies occur during the first trimester

Answer 2

folate and neural tube defects, vitamin A toxicity and birth defects

Question 3

the placenta develops during which time frame of pregnancy

Answer 3

first trimester

Question 4

during the second trimester nutritional deficiencies will affect….

Answer 4

the mothers ability to breastfeed

Question 5

infants gain fat stores during which time period of pregnancy

Answer 5

third trimester

Question 6

deposition of ? and ? to the fetus during the last month

Answer 6

calcium and iron

Question 7

the ? and ? mature during the last trimester

Answer 7

lungs and liver

Question 8

a successful pregnancy includes

Answer 8

> 37 of gestation, mothers physical health, and >5.5 pound infant

Question 9

what are causes to low birth weight

Answer 9

lack of maternal weight gain, smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse

Question 10

adequate weight is the best predictor of ….

Answer 10

successful outcome

Question 11

total weight gain during pregnancy is …

Answer 11

25-35 pounds for normal weight women

Question 12

the RDA of protein intake for pregnant women increases…

Answer 12

25 grams/day

Question 13

minimum of ? gm of CHO to prevent ?

Answer 13

175 grams, ketosis

Question 14

supplements are recommended for women who …

Answer 14

have history of frequent dieting, drug or alcohol abuse, are teens, or are carrying multiple fetuses

Question 15

what does caffeine do to pregnant women

Answer 15

may reduce blood flow through the placenta

Question 16

what could happen when pregnant women consume unpasteurized milk

Answer 16

listeria monocytogenes

Question 17

what are the major discomfort during pregnancy

Answer 17

heartburn, constipation, morning sickness

Question 18

what is the treatment to avoiding heartburn during pregnancy

Answer 18

avoid laying down after eating, smaller meals

Question 19

what is the treatment to avoiding constipation during pregnancy

Answer 19

exercise, adequate fluid, re-evaluate iron dose

Question 20

what is the treatment to avoiding morning sickness during pregnancy

Answer 20

eat smaller, more bland meals, consider changing prenatal brand

Question 21

what causes gestational diabetes

Answer 21

the hormones synthesized by the placenta decreases the action of insulin

Question 22

what does pregnancy-induced hypertension cause

Answer 22

elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine, edema, liver and kidney damage

Question 23

how long is breastfeeding recommended for

Answer 23

first 6 months of life

Question 24

what does colostrum provide

Answer 24

antibodies and immune system cells, provides protection to infant against infection

Question 25

what does mature breastmilk provide

Answer 25

high linoleic acid and cholesterol content for brain development

Question 26

what are benefits to breastfeeding for infant

Answer 26

meets needs for the first 4-6 months of infant life, provides antibodies, reduces risk of food allergies, decreases ear infections, bonding with mom

Question 27

what are benefit of breastfeeding for mom

Answer 27

decreases risk of ovarian cancer and premenopausal cancer, cheaper (than buying formula), bonding with child, increased energy need for mom, environmentally friendly