Exam 3 Practice Flashcards by Marian Pacho

What sequelae can occur from infection with a toxigenic strain of bacteria that
resembles “Chinese characters” on gram stain.
A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B. Trismus
C. Ricewater diarrhea
D. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
E. Congestive heart failure

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If one antibiotic is good for an infected patient, what drug interaction will make two
antibiotics worse?
A. Antagonism
B. Indifference
C. Reflux
D. Synergy
E. Precipitation

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Which of the following 1S not a characteristic of the “ideal antibiotic”?
A. Selectivity
B. Good absorption
C. Low therapeutic index
D. Narrow spectrum
E. Cidal

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Which antibiotics are typically cheapest?
A. Natural
B. Synthetic
C. Semisynthetic

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What does the abbreviation MIC mean?
A. Lowest antibiotic concentration that is cidal to a microorganism
B. Lowest antibiotic concentration that inhibits a microorganism
C. Maximum inhibitory concentration
D. Maximum cidal concentration
E. It is a measure of drug mass

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How much cross allergy is there between penicillins and cephalosporins?
A. 100%
B. 60-80%
C. 20-40%
D. 5-15%
E. None

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What is the best explanation of the difference between antibiotic therapy and
antibiotic prophylaxis?
A. Therapy is when an antibiotic is used to prevent the spread of bacteria
from an abscess into uninfected tissues during surgery
B. Prophylaxis is when an antibiotic is used to prevent the spread of bacteria
from an abscess into uninfected tissues during surgery
C. Therapeutic use of an antibiotic is intended to cure an established infection
whereas prophylaxis is intended to prevent infection during dental
manipulations that cause bleeding
D. Prophylactic use of an antibiotic is intended to cure an established
infection whereas therapeutic use is intended to prevent infection during
dental manipulations that cause bleeding
E. There is no difference

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Which of the below antibiotics should you consider first for routine use in dentistry?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
C. Azithromycin
D. Gentamicin
E. Clindamycin
F. Ertapenem
G. Chloramphenicol
H. Metronidazole
I. Cefazolin
J. Tetracycline

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Which are the most nearly ideal antibiotics?
A. Tetracyclines
B. Aminoglycosides
C. Penicillins
D. Quinolones
E. Macrolides
F. Monobactams
G. Ketolides
H. Carbapenems
I.
Cephalosporins

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Who discovered penicillin?
A. Howard Florey
B. Ernst Chain
C. Alexander Fleming
D. James Oxford
E. Joseph Lister
F. Phillip Lister
G. Louis Pasteur

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Which drug is a bactericidal inhibitor of protein synthesis?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Clindamycin
C. Vancomycin
D. Gentamicin
E. Cefotaxime

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Which antibiotic is recommended routinely in dentistry for penicillin allergic patients
because there is no cross allergy with penicillins and the risk of pseudomembranous
enterocolitis is minimal?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
C. Azithromycin
D. Gentamicin
E. Clindamycin
F. Ertapenem
G. Chloramphenicol
H. Metronidazole
I. Cefazolin
J. Tetracycline

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Which antibiotic stains teeth in infants?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
C. Azithromycin
D. Gentamicin
E. Clindamycin
F. Ertapenem
G. Chloramphenicol
H. Metronidazole
I. Cefazolin
J. Tetracycline

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Which antibiotic is a macrolide with pharmacological properties that are superior to
erythromycin?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Clarithromycin
C. Clindamycin
D. Amoxicillin/clavulanate
E. Doxycycline
F. Amoxicillin

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Which antibiotic is active against obligate anaerobes (including Bacteroides fragilis)
and penetrates bone well, making it good for therapy of chronic staphylococcal
osteomyelitis?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
C. Azithromycin
D. Gentamicin
E. Clindamycin
F. Ertapenem
G. Chloramphenicol
H. Metronidazole
I. Cefazolin
J. Tetracycline

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The action of which drug iS synergistically enhanced by a sulfonamide?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Trimethoprim
C. Erythromycin
D. Tetracycline
E. Sulfonamide

Which drug targets cell wall synthesis in gram-positive bacteria?
A. Clindamycin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Aminoglycosides
D. Sulfonamides
E. Daptomycin

A and E

A penicillin-allergic patient has an anaerobic infection. Which of the following
antibiotics is most likely to be suitable for therapy?
A. Tobramycin
B. Gentamicin
C. Levofloxacin
D. Tinidazole

All carbapenems are injectable. Which carbapenem is most suitable for use in
dentistry because it has a long half life and requires only once daily dosing (the
others require multiple doses each day)?
A. Imipenem
B. Doripenem
C. Meropenem
D. Ertapenem

Which two antibiotics lack activity against streptococci and anaerobes and therefore
have an unsuitable spectrum for use in dentistry?
A. Erythromycin and chloramphenicol
B. Cephadroxil and aztreonam
C. Penicillin and tetracycline
D. Gentamicin and clindamycin
E. Cefazolin and amoxicillin
F. Ciprofloxacin and aztreonam

Which of the below antibiotics will be used most frequently in dentistry?
A. Ertapenem
B. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
C. Azithromycin
D. Gentamicin
E. Clindamycin
F. Amoxicillin
G. Chloramphenicol
H. Metronidazole
I. Cefazolin
J. Tetracycline

You would give amoxicillin to a patient with an oral abscess to:
A. Cure the infection
B. Localize the infection in preparation for surgical intervention
C. Prevent infection from occurring
D. Ensure the patient had confidence in your expertise

What is the purpose of antibiotic therapy? To:
A. Prevent infection
B. Cover against poor technique
C. Boost the immune system
D. Cure infection
E. Cover against law suits

Which of the below antibiotics should
you consider for oral prophylaxis in a
penicillin-allergic patient to prevent infections in dentistry?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
C. Azithromycin
D. Gentamicin.
E. Ertapenem
F. Chloramphenicol
G. Metronidazole
H. Cefazolin
I. Tetracycline

Which antibiotic should be most suitable therapy for therapy of acute staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the jaw? A. Vancomycin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Clindamycin D. Dicloxacillin E. Erythromycin F. Amoxicillin

The organism that causes a subcutaneous fungal infection characterized by the formation of a row of necrotic nodules that develop along the lymphatic tract draining a traumatic wound is: A. Blastomyces dermatitidis B. Tinea corporis C. Malassezia furfur D. Sporothrix schenkii E. Paracoccidioides braziliensis

The dermatophytes that cause ringworm have all but which of the following features in common? A. They produce life-threatening infections in AIDS patients B. They do not grow well at normal body temperatures C. They produce lesions that itch and tend to crack or scale off D. They get their nutrients by degrading substances like keratin and collagen E. They cost millions of dollars annually in this country for treatment

An encapsulated yeast that causes a slowly developing meningitis sometimes mistaken for a brain tumor or degenerative central nervous system disorder is: A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Histoplasma capsulatum C. Aspergillus flavus D. Candida tropicalis E. Trichophyton rubrum

They systemic mycoses are due to fungi that have all but which of the following characteristics? A. They are ubiquitous in soil samples taken from around the world B. Many people skin-test positive to demonstrate exposure to their antigens C. Most of the infections they cause are SO mild people don't seek medical attention D. Most of the time people become infected by breathing in the organisms E. They are caused by fungi that can be either yeasts or molds, depending on the temperature

What is the name of the fungal infection characterized by scaly hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions that tend to occur on the torso or abdomen and can be treated successfully with simple keratinolytic agents? A. Pityriasis versicolor B. Dermatophytosis C. Tinea cruris D. Sporotrichosis E. Connidiosis

farm worker who was taking steroids to help control his asthma had recently helped clean out a chicken coop in rural Ohio when he developed a flu-like illness. He then continued to have a fever, chills, headache and night sweats and noted a 15- pound weight loss when he went to see his physician, who alertly started him on systemic antifungal therapy. Which of the following fungi would have been the most likely cause for his illness? A. Sporothrix schenkii B. Coccidioides immitis C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis D. Aspergillus fumigatus E. Histoplasma capsulatum

An 83-year old diabetic who has been on broad spectrum antibiotic therapy for two months comes in for mouth pain. He has white, cheesy-looking plaques on this tongue and buccal mucosa that are composed of epithelial cells and budding yeasts. What is the name for this condition? A. Tinea oralis B. Zygomycosis C. Thrush D. Pityriasis albus E. Aspergillosis

For which of the following fungal infections is HIV infection not considered a major risk factor? A. Coccidioidomycosis B. Candidiasis C. Cryptococcosis D. Aspergillosis E. Histoplasmosis

Which of the following is not a characteristic of vaginal candidiasis? A. It produces intense itching and a yeasty-smelling discharge B. It is considered a sexually transmitted disease C. An acidic vaginal pH helps protect against it D. Antibiotic treatment is a predisposing risk factor for it E. It is generally treated topically rather than systemically

The most common contributing factor for development of zygomycetes infections is: A. AIDS B. Early childhood C. Uncontrolled diabetes with acidosis D. Eating fresh fruits or vegetables E. Pregnancy