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23 Microbiology > 2 - Organs, Tissues, and Immune Cell Trafficking > Flashcards

2 - Organs, Tissues, and Immune Cell Trafficking Flashcards

1
Q

differentiation pathway of immune cells are determined by what

A

growth factors and interactions w/ supporting cells

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2
Q

what does pluripotent mean

A

it can differentiate into different lineages

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3
Q

pluripotent stem cells differentiate into what

A

myeloid and lymphoid progenitor

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4
Q

lymphoid progenitor diferentiates into what

A

B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, and NC cells

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5
Q

myeloid progenitor diff into what

A

granulocyte monocyte CFU, bacophil CFI, and. eosinophil CFU

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6
Q

what does CFU mean

A

colony-forming unit

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7
Q

where are lymphoid tissues found

A
  1. Waldeyer’s ring
  2. primary lymphoid organ
  3. secondary lymphoid organ
  4. Peyer’s patches
  5. genitouniary tract
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8
Q

what are primary lyphoid organs

A

thymus and bone marrow

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9
Q

what are secondary lymphoid organs

A
  1. adenoid
  2. tonsil
  3. lymph nodes
  4. appendix
  5. spleen
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10
Q

key roles of primary lymphoid organs

A
  1. lymphocyte development
  2. enforcement of “tolerance” (removes self reactive lymphocytes)
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11
Q

lymphoid precursors in bone marrow develop from what

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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12
Q

when B cells complete development to mature in bone marrow, what do they become

A

“naive” B cells (not yet encountered antigen)

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13
Q

T/F: in bone marrow, T cell precursors exit and migrate to thymus

A

TRUE

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14
Q

T/F: T cell precursors arrive from bone marrow and complete their deelopment to mature “naive” T cells

A

TRUE

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15
Q

what are the lobes of thymus

A

cortex and medulla

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16
Q

what is densely packed w/ immature T cells underoging selection

A

cortex

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17
Q

what contains fewer, more mature T cells that have survived selection and are more to be released into peripehry

A

medulla

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18
Q

what are the parts you see on stained thymus

A
  1. lobules
  2. interlobular CT (septa)
  3. cortex
  4. medulla
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19
Q

what are the key roles of secondary lymphoid organs

A
  1. Trapping/concentration of antigen for presentation
  2. Lymphocyte activation/proliferatio/differentiation
  3. Enforcement of “tolerance” to antigens not seen in primary lymphoid organs
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20
Q

what is the largest secondary lymphoid organ and pools/concentrates antigen from blood

A

spleen

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21
Q

what is a small ovoid structure found in various regions and pools/concentrates antigen from tissues (via lymphatic vessels)

A

lymph nodes

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22
Q

what lymphoid aggregates localized mucosal linings and pools/concentrates antigen that enterys via body cavities

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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23
Q

what are examples of MALT

A

nasopharyngeal (NALT)
gut (GALT)

24
Q

what are the two main areas of the spleen

A
  1. red pulp
  2. white pulp
25
Q

what part of the spleen contains mostly red blood cells undergoing disposal

A

red pulp

26
Q

what part of the spleen contains lympod tissue

A

white pulp

27
Q

most T cells in spleen reside where

A

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) surrounding central arteriole

28
Q

most B cells in spleen reside where

A

follicles within PALS

29
Q

lymphocytes enter lyph node via what and exits via what

A

enter: afferent lymphatic vessels of post capillary venules (high endothelial venules)

exit: efferent lyphatic vessels (trafficks back into circulation)

30
Q

B cells of lymph node primarily found where? these contain what?

A

cortex arranged in follicles which may contain follicular dendritic cells that support rapid B cell

31
Q

T cells of lyph node primary found where? with what?

A

found in paracortex w/ antigen-presenting dendritic cells

32
Q

what part of nasopharygeal lyphoid tissues give ability for microvial oragnisms that enter nasal cavity

A

crypt

33
Q

lyphocytes enter reticulated epithelium via:

A
  1. vascular - capillaries
  2. vascular - high endothelial venules
  3. nonvascular routes
34
Q

what is a term given to tonsillar crypt spithelium

A

lymphoepithelium

35
Q

what are the main components of tonsillary lymphoepithelium

A
  1. microfold “M” cells (epithelial)
  2. mucosal epithelial cells
  3. infiltrating intraepithelial
  4. intraepithelial vasculature
36
Q

what delivers antigen from luminal surface to underlying antigen presenting cells by transcytosis

A

microfold M cells

37
Q

what tonsillar lyphoepithelium is squamous or ciliated epithelial cells

A

mucosal epithelial cells

38
Q

what tonsillar lyphoepithelium contains mostly T cells

A

infiltrating intraepithelial lyphocytes

39
Q

what tonsillar lyphoepithelium containes intraepithelial cappillaries and HEVs in lower regions bordering basement membrance

A

intraepithelial vasculature

40
Q

composition % of tonsillar leukocytes

A

> 50% B cells
~40% T cells
balance macrophages and dendritic cells

41
Q

examples of tonsillar lyphoepithelium important route of pathogen entry

A

EBV, measles, prions, HIV

42
Q

what can be found in lymphoepithelium of gut

A

epithelial cell with surface microvilli, M cell, lymphocytes enfolded in M cell

43
Q

dendritic cells present antigen to what cells

A

helper T cells

44
Q

depending on the organism and environment which it was required, helper T cells release cytokines that orchestrate what?

A

appropriate immune response by B cells, inflammatory cells, or macrophages

45
Q

APC capture antigen in peripheral mucosal sites where? this facilitates what?

A

Antigen-presenting cells capture antigen in
peripheral mucosal sites such as Payer’s
patch or tonsils and activate T cells, some of
which can then facilitate B cell activation.

46
Q

T/F: in locations such as mucosal tissue and glands, some activated cells may traffic to a regional lymph node to enter circulation via thoracic duct, and migrate to distant mucosal effector sites

A

TRUE

47
Q

inflammatory cytokines relesased by immune cells activated by infection induce expression of what on where?

A

expression of intracellular adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (selectins and integrins)

48
Q

what acts as a chemo-attractant to circulating immune cells, like neutrophils, causing a conformational change in integrin to increase its affinity for its ligand

A

chemokines (e.g., interleukin-8)

49
Q

___ binding promotes adherence to enthothelium, but with high affinity ___ interactions, cell is stimulated to transit endothelium (diapedesis or extravasation)

A

selectin-selectin; integrin-integrin

50
Q

route of antigen exposure determines what

A

cell trafficking

51
Q

what are the different routes of antigen exposure

A
  1. blood
  2. tissue (epidermal, dermal or subcutaneous)
  3. tonsils, Peyer’s patches (oral route thru ingestion or breathing)
52
Q

lymphocyte trafficking for blood borne pathogens

A

spleen

53
Q

lymphocyte trafficking for skin

A

lymph nodes

54
Q

lymphocyte trafficking for mucosa

A

M cells at inductive sites, then to effector sites such as glands

55
Q
A

23 Microbiology (7 decks)

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