Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

23 Microbiology > 3 - Antibody Structure and Function > Flashcards

3 - Antibody Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four parts of polypeptide chains

A

2 identical heavy chains (H)
2 identical light chains (L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the parts of polypeptide chains held together by

A

disulfide bonds (dashed lines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the two antigen binding sites are formed by what

A

variable (V) domains on H and L chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enzymatic digestion with Papain (upside down V) consist of what

A

two F(ab) fragments; one Fc fragment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ezymatic digestion w/ Pepsin (<->) consist of what

A

one F(ab’)2 (Fab’s tied together); pieces of Fc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two activities of immunoglobulin domains

A

antigen binding (H+L); effector function (H only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intrachain disuldies form immunoglobulin fold-domains. where?

A

2 in L chain
4-5 in H chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

both chains have ___ variable (V) domain and ___ constant (C) domains

A

one; one or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

flexibility on immunoglobulin is provided by what

A

hinge region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

H chain has binding sites for what

A

Fc receptor and complement (effector function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in ig, can the antibody be membrane-bound (surface of B cell) or secreted?

A

YES!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sequencing analysis of antibodies is feasible using what

A

antibody purified from malignantly transformed antibody-producing B cells (plasmacytes) (Plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

each B malignancy produces one molecular specicies of antibody, and often excess light chain called what

A

Bence-Jones proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sequencing reveals reveal ___ hypervariable regions of antibodies within each domain. these are also called what?

A

3; CDRs - complementarity determining regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

crystallographic analysis reveals domain structure of what

A

antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CDRs interact w/ antigen and this does what?

A

determines the shape of binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: the shape of the binding site does not define what antigens can be bound

A

FALSE! it largely defines what can be bound!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

binding of CDR and antibody uses lock and key or induced fit model

A

induced fit - CDR is not rigid but somewhat flexible; side chains of AA are too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what non-covalent force originates from attraction between opposite charges

A

electrostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what non-covalent force originates from hydrogen shared between electronegative atoms

A

hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what non-covalent force originates from transient polarization of electron clouds oppositely polarize neighboring clouds

A

Van der Waals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what non-covalent force originates from packing of hydrophobic groups to exclude water at interface. also involves van der waals forces

A

hydrophobic interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: antigens w/ similar shape may be able to bind to same antibody

A

TRU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

is cross reactivity advantageous or disadvantageous? examples?

A

both
- antibody cross reacts w/ a new strain of virus
- antibody generated against a virus that cross-reacts to self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the determinant of an antigen recognized by a single antibody binding site (e.g. Fab)

A

epitope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is a small molecule incapable of stimulating an immune response by itself; must be conjugated to carrier protein

A

Hapten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is an antigen capable of stimulating an immune response by itself

A

immunogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the concept used to generate vaccines

A

Hapten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the major classes of Ig/isotypes

A

Ig G, A, M, E, D

G = 1-4
A = 1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

are immunoglobulins named based on heavy chain

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

T/F: both H:L chain combinations are possible, but not in the same Ig molecule

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the different heavy chains

A

mu, delta, gamma (1-5), alpha (1-2), epsilon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the different light chains

A

kappa and lambda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

which ig are monomers

A

Ig D, G, and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

which ig is a dimer (secreted) and monomer (serum)

A

IgA

36
Q

which ig is a pentamer

A

IgM

37
Q

which ig contain J chains

A

IgA and IgM

38
Q

which ig has a secretory component due to transport thru mucosal epi

A

IgA

39
Q

what are the protective fn of antibody

A
  1. neutralization
  2. opsonization “coating”
  3. complement activation
40
Q

what is the prevention of bacterial, viral, or toxin adherence

A

neutralization

41
Q

what facilitates phagocytosis and promotes antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

A

opsonization - coating

42
Q

what enhances opsonization and lyses some bacteria

A

complement activation

43
Q

what binds Fc and IgG (preferings IgG1) bound to antigen

A

Fc- gamma receptors

44
Q

what are examples of Fc-gamma cells

A
  1. macrophages
  2. dendritic cells
  3. neutrophils
  4. NK cell
  5. eosinophil
45
Q

what binds to Fc of free IgE (mast cells) or IgE bound to antigen (eosinophils)

A

Fc-episilon receptors

46
Q

what are examplses of Fc-epislon cells

A
  1. eosinophils
  2. mast cell
  3. basophil
47
Q

have Fc receptors also been reported for IgA and IgM

A

yeah

48
Q

do Fc receptors promote phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of antaibody-coated targets

A

yes

49
Q

IgM distribution

A

blood and lymphatic fluid (intravascular; too big to cross epi)

50
Q

IgM serum concentrations

A

~1 ml/mL

51
Q

IgM antigen affinity and specificity

A

low to moderate

52
Q

key roles of IgM

A
  1. complement activation
  2. antigen aggregation and agglutination (10 antigen binding sites)
  3. antibacterial activity (w/ complement)
53
Q

what is the aggregation of particular antigen (e.g., RBC and bacteria) by antibodies causing clumping

A

agglutination

54
Q

___ are carb molecuels on RBCs that may be recognized by naturally occurring antibodies causing cell clumping and lylsis

A

ABO blood group

55
Q

compatible donor for Type A

A

A or O

56
Q

compatible donor for Type B

A

B or O

57
Q

compatible donor for Type AB

A

all, universal recipient

58
Q

compatible donor for Type O

A

O, universal donor

59
Q

distribution of IgG

A

blood, lymphatic fluid, tissue (intra and extravascular)

60
Q

serum concentrations of ~12 mg/mL of IgG (all subclasses)

A

~12 mg/mL (all classes)

61
Q

key roles of IgG

A
  1. complement activation
  2. neutralization
  3. newbown immunity
  4. activation of effetor cells vua Fc-gamma receptor bineing og antigen opsonized by IgG antibody
62
Q

Protective Fc receptor (FcRp) expressed on ___ binds maternal IgG, enabling uptake, transfer, and recycling of IgG

A

placental cells and neonatal intestinal
tissue

63
Q

IgA distribution

A

blood and lyphatic fluid (intravascular: monomer); body secretions (tears, mucous membrane, saliva; dimer”

64
Q

serum concentration of IgA

A

~1.8 mg/mL

65
Q

antigen affinity and specificity of IgA

A

moderate to high

66
Q

key roles of IgA

A
  1. Neutralization (toxins, bacteria, virus), particularly along mucosal surfaces
  2. Antigen aggregation and agglutination (secretory IgA is dimeric, therefore it has 4 antigen binding sites)
67
Q

___ bind to ligands on bacterial toxins, viruses or bacteria responsible for cell adhesion and entry

A

IgA or IgG

68
Q

can antibody binding inhibit liagand-receptor interaction, preventing adhesion to cell

A

yesah

69
Q

nautralizing activity can be transferred; forms basis of anti-venoms called what

A

passive immunization

70
Q

IgE distribution

A

bound to high affinity Fc-epsilon expressed on mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils

71
Q

IgE serum concentrations

A

~2 x 10^-5 mg/Ml

72
Q

antigen affinity and speficitiy of IgE

A

moderate to high

73
Q

key roles of IgE

A

Defense against large parasites (eosinophil ADCC, basophil and mast cell degranulation)
Allergic responses (basophil and mast cell degranulation)

74
Q

T/F: IgE is free in serum and not Fc-episolon r1

A

FALSE - IgE is bound to Fc-episoln R1 and not free in serum

75
Q

antigen binding by IgE:Fc-epsilonR1 on. mast cells or basophils trigger what

A

degranulation and inflammation

76
Q

distribution of IgD

A

surface of B cells

77
Q

serum concentration of IgD

A

~0.04 mg/mL

78
Q

antigen affinity and specificity of IgD

A

low to moderate

79
Q

what are the key roles of IgD

A

Marker for differentiation (only on mature B cells)
Regulation of tolerance (mice lacking IgD have more
self-reactive B cells)

80
Q

secreted IgA is mostly produced where

A

salivary glands (70% major glands, 30% minor glands)

81
Q

Ig___ and Ig___ is mostly produced from gingival crvide

A

G and M

82
Q

Ig___ increases in periodontal disease

A

G

83
Q

following immmunization, what is produced first, then what class follows?

A

IgM produced first, then class switching to IgG and other isotypes

84
Q

T/F: the first response in immunization is faster, contains higher affinity antibodies largerly switch to IgG, and has longer duration

A

FALSE! the sceondary response

85
Q

what has an anamnestic (memory) response

A

IgG

23 Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions