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PHRM 864 Therapeutics > Exam 3 - Pediatric Nutrition Israel > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Pediatric Nutrition Israel Flashcards

1
Q

-infant weight doubles by ___-___ months
-it triples by ___ months
-infant length increases ___% by 12 months

A

4-6
12
50%

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2
Q
  • Growth slows, but is constant
  • Adipose tissue distribution begins after age 2

a. preschool: ages 2-6
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
c. adolescence: ages 11-18

A

a. preschool: ages 2-6

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3
Q
  • Steady growth
  • Females > males in height and weight

a. preschool: ages 2-6
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
c. adolescence: ages 11-18

A

b. middle childhood: ages 7-10

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4
Q
  • Begins before puberty and continues until growth is complete
  • Rate of weight gain increase

a. preschool: ages 2-6
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
c. adolescence: ages 11-18

A

c. adolescence: ages 11-18

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5
Q

which growth chart is used for pts < 2 years old?

a. WHO
b. CDC

A

a. WHO

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6
Q

which growth chart is used for pts 2-20 years old?

a. WHO
b. CDC

A

b. CDC

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7
Q

T or F: the same growth charts are used for boys and girls

A

F

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8
Q
  • Fall of 2 major percentiles
  • Weight < 3-5th percentile

What is being described above?

A

failure to thrive (growth faltering)

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9
Q

3 causes of malnutrition (slide 9)

A

-inadequate caloric intake
-inadequate absorption
-excessive energy expenditure

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10
Q

T or F: caloric requirements in kcal/kg per day is higher for ages 12-18 years than for infants

A

F

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11
Q

how many kcal/ounce is in breast milk?

A

20 kcal/ounce

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12
Q

the WHO suggests breastfeeding up to ___ years

A

2 years

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13
Q

which is NOT an advantage of breastfeeding in newborns?

a. dec risk of infections
b. dec risk of immune-mediated diseases
c. psychological & cognitive benefits
d. none of the above

A

d. none of the above

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14
Q

which is NOT an advantage of breastfeeding for mothers?

a. decreased post-partum bleeding
b. faster time to attain pre-pregnancy weight
c. dec risk of breast and ovarian cancer
d. decreased child spacing
e. mother-infant bond

A

d. decreased child spacing (increased)

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15
Q

biggest CI for breastfeeding (circled in red)

A

drugs

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16
Q

“drugs to avoid” in pregnancy fall into what two main categories?

A

-drugs that can harm the infant directly
-drugs that reduce milk production

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17
Q

T or F: ergots and decongestants can reduce milk production

A

T

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18
Q

T or F: a high oral bioavailability means it is less likely to be absorbed by an infant

A

F (more likely)

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19
Q

which of the following drug characteristics leads to an INCREASE in breastmilk?

a. ionization
b. large molecular wt
c. high protein binding
d. high lipid solubility
e. short half-life
f. high Vd

A

d. high lipid solubility

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20
Q

which of the following drug characteristics leads to an DECREASE in breastmilk?

a. non-ionized
b. small molecular wt
c. low protein binding
d. high lipid solubility
e. long half-life
f. high Vd

A

f. high Vd

21
Q

T or F: maternal chemotherapy is one indication for formula feeding

A

T

22
Q

what do human milk fortifiers do?

A

inc calories, minerals, vitamins, and protein of breast milk

23
Q

adding human milk fortifiers to breast milk increases calories to ___-___ kcal/oz

A

22-28

24
Q

carbohydrate source for formula

A

lactose

25
Q

T or F: all infants should receive iron-fortified formula

A

T

26
Q

T or F: term formulas are usually concentrated

A

F

27
Q

how many kcal/ounce in preterm/enriched formulas? (range)

A

22-30 kcal/oz

28
Q

term, healthy infants will feed an avg of ___-___ times per day

A

6-9

29
Q

breastfeeding parents are often encouraged to breastfeed ___-___ times per day initially

A

8-12 (key word is “initially”)

30
Q

T or F: as infants grow older we inc the amount of feedings per day and dec the oz per feeding

A

F (dec feedings, inc oz per feeding)

31
Q

vitamin D3 is also known as ?

A

cholecalciferol

32
Q

cholecalciferol is NOT dosed in which unit?

a. mg
b. mCg
c. IU

A

a. mg

33
Q

cholecalciferol IU to mCg conversion

A

400 IU = 10 mCg

34
Q

for premature neonate < 1.5 kg, how much vitamin D3 should they get?

a. 200 IU (5 mCg) daily
b. 200-400 IU (5-10 mCg) daily
c. 400 IU (10 mCg) daily

A

a. 200 IU (5 mCg) daily

35
Q

for premature neonate > 1.5 kg, how much vitamin D3 should they get?

a. 200 IU (5 mCg) daily
b. 200-400 IU (5-10 mCg) daily
c. 400 IU (10 mCg) daily

A

b. 200-400 IU (5-10 mCg) daily

36
Q

partially or fully breastfed term infants should receive ____ IU of vitamin D3 daily

a. 100
b. 400
c. 1000
d. 4000

A

b. 400

37
Q

formula fed term infants should receive ___-___ IU daily vitamin D3 until receiving _____ mL/formula/day (~___ oz)

A

200-400; 1000; 30

38
Q

how many mg/kg/day elemental iron should premature neonates receive?

A

2 mg/kg/day

39
Q

term infants with an iron deficiency should receive __________ of elemental iron

a. 2 mg/kg/day
b. 3 mg/kg/day
c. 4 mg/kg/day
d. 5 mg/kg/day

A

b. 3 mg/kg/day

40
Q

ferrous sulfate contains ___% elemental iron

A

20%

41
Q

know how to do iron calculations (slide 32-33)

A

okay

42
Q

zinc sulfate 44 mg = ___ mg of elemental zinc

A

10 mg

43
Q

normal zinc conc range (in mCg/dL)

A

70-150 mCg/dL

44
Q

initiation of complementary foods typically begins at ___ months

A

6 months

45
Q

which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. introduce 1 new food every 4-5 days
b. increase serving size gradually
c. never put anything but breast milk/formula in a bottle
d. children < 1 year should receive lots of honey and cow’s milk

A

d. children < 1 year should receive lots of honey and cow’s milk

(never give to children < 1 year)

46
Q

look at Holliday-Segar Method for calculating fluid requirements (slide 36)

A

okay

47
Q

know how to calculate feeding requirements (slides 38-42)

A

you got it boss

48
Q

when formula requirements exceed fluid requirements always calculate based on _______ _______

A

caloric needs

49
Q

are PEG, PEJ, and G-tubes short term or long term?

A

long term

PHRM 864 Therapeutics (28 decks)

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