Exam 3 - Pediatric Nutrition Israel Flashcards
-infant weight doubles by ___-___ months
-it triples by ___ months
-infant length increases ___% by 12 months
4-6
12
50%
- Growth slows, but is constant
- Adipose tissue distribution begins after age 2
a. preschool: ages 2-6
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
c. adolescence: ages 11-18
a. preschool: ages 2-6
- Steady growth
- Females > males in height and weight
a. preschool: ages 2-6
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
c. adolescence: ages 11-18
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
- Begins before puberty and continues until growth is complete
- Rate of weight gain increase
a. preschool: ages 2-6
b. middle childhood: ages 7-10
c. adolescence: ages 11-18
c. adolescence: ages 11-18
which growth chart is used for pts < 2 years old?
a. WHO
b. CDC
a. WHO
which growth chart is used for pts 2-20 years old?
a. WHO
b. CDC
b. CDC
T or F: the same growth charts are used for boys and girls
F
- Fall of 2 major percentiles
- Weight < 3-5th percentile
What is being described above?
failure to thrive (growth faltering)
3 causes of malnutrition (slide 9)
-inadequate caloric intake
-inadequate absorption
-excessive energy expenditure
T or F: caloric requirements in kcal/kg per day is higher for ages 12-18 years than for infants
F
how many kcal/ounce is in breast milk?
20 kcal/ounce
the WHO suggests breastfeeding up to ___ years
2 years
which is NOT an advantage of breastfeeding in newborns?
a. dec risk of infections
b. dec risk of immune-mediated diseases
c. psychological & cognitive benefits
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
which is NOT an advantage of breastfeeding for mothers?
a. decreased post-partum bleeding
b. faster time to attain pre-pregnancy weight
c. dec risk of breast and ovarian cancer
d. decreased child spacing
e. mother-infant bond
d. decreased child spacing (increased)
biggest CI for breastfeeding (circled in red)
drugs
“drugs to avoid” in pregnancy fall into what two main categories?
-drugs that can harm the infant directly
-drugs that reduce milk production
T or F: ergots and decongestants can reduce milk production
T
T or F: a high oral bioavailability means it is less likely to be absorbed by an infant
F (more likely)
which of the following drug characteristics leads to an INCREASE in breastmilk?
a. ionization
b. large molecular wt
c. high protein binding
d. high lipid solubility
e. short half-life
f. high Vd
d. high lipid solubility
which of the following drug characteristics leads to an DECREASE in breastmilk?
a. non-ionized
b. small molecular wt
c. low protein binding
d. high lipid solubility
e. long half-life
f. high Vd
f. high Vd
T or F: maternal chemotherapy is one indication for formula feeding
T
what do human milk fortifiers do?
inc calories, minerals, vitamins, and protein of breast milk
adding human milk fortifiers to breast milk increases calories to ___-___ kcal/oz
22-28
carbohydrate source for formula
lactose
T or F: all infants should receive iron-fortified formula
T
T or F: term formulas are usually concentrated
F
how many kcal/ounce in preterm/enriched formulas? (range)
22-30 kcal/oz
term, healthy infants will feed an avg of ___-___ times per day
6-9
breastfeeding parents are often encouraged to breastfeed ___-___ times per day initially
8-12 (key word is “initially”)
T or F: as infants grow older we inc the amount of feedings per day and dec the oz per feeding
F (dec feedings, inc oz per feeding)
vitamin D3 is also known as ?
cholecalciferol
cholecalciferol is NOT dosed in which unit?
a. mg
b. mCg
c. IU
a. mg
cholecalciferol IU to mCg conversion
400 IU = 10 mCg
for premature neonate < 1.5 kg, how much vitamin D3 should they get?
a. 200 IU (5 mCg) daily
b. 200-400 IU (5-10 mCg) daily
c. 400 IU (10 mCg) daily
a. 200 IU (5 mCg) daily
for premature neonate > 1.5 kg, how much vitamin D3 should they get?
a. 200 IU (5 mCg) daily
b. 200-400 IU (5-10 mCg) daily
c. 400 IU (10 mCg) daily
b. 200-400 IU (5-10 mCg) daily
partially or fully breastfed term infants should receive ____ IU of vitamin D3 daily
a. 100
b. 400
c. 1000
d. 4000
b. 400
formula fed term infants should receive ___-___ IU daily vitamin D3 until receiving _____ mL/formula/day (~___ oz)
200-400; 1000; 30
how many mg/kg/day elemental iron should premature neonates receive?
2 mg/kg/day
term infants with an iron deficiency should receive __________ of elemental iron
a. 2 mg/kg/day
b. 3 mg/kg/day
c. 4 mg/kg/day
d. 5 mg/kg/day
b. 3 mg/kg/day
ferrous sulfate contains ___% elemental iron
20%
know how to do iron calculations (slide 32-33)
okay
zinc sulfate 44 mg = ___ mg of elemental zinc
10 mg
normal zinc conc range (in mCg/dL)
70-150 mCg/dL
initiation of complementary foods typically begins at ___ months
6 months
which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. introduce 1 new food every 4-5 days
b. increase serving size gradually
c. never put anything but breast milk/formula in a bottle
d. children < 1 year should receive lots of honey and cow’s milk
d. children < 1 year should receive lots of honey and cow’s milk
(never give to children < 1 year)
look at Holliday-Segar Method for calculating fluid requirements (slide 36)
okay
know how to calculate feeding requirements (slides 38-42)
you got it boss
when formula requirements exceed fluid requirements always calculate based on _______ _______
caloric needs
are PEG, PEJ, and G-tubes short term or long term?
long term
