exam 3 part 4 Flashcards
Important factors affecting biodiversity (5)
-Competition which can increase niche partitioning
-Predation which can decrease competitive exclusion
-Climatic variability leads to unfavorable conditions decrease species success
-Productivity – richness limited by partitioning of energy among species
-Disturbance – moderate disturbance increasing diversity by decreasing competitive exclusion
biodiversity gradients
more diversity more south, less diversity more north
species diversity is regulated by (2)
species richness and species abundance
species richness
amount of different species in environment
Species abundance
evenness among species in environment
Index of Similarity
relies only on species richness
Simpson’s Index
-Probability that two organisms drawn at random are same species
Simpson Index of Diversity
-Probability that two organisms drawn at random are different species
Shannon-Wiener Index for species diversity
-a measure of uncertainty
index of richness + evenness
solve for H
Species abundances are NOT evenly distributed
lower H
Species abundances are MORE evenly distributed
higher H
Higher H
Higher probability next sample will be different from previous sample
Lower H
Higher probability of next sample being the same as the last sample
First law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another
Second law of thermodynamics
as energy moves through a food chain, some energy is always lost as heat at each trophic level
