Animal adaptations to water stress (exam 2)

Question 1

Osmoconformers

Answer 1

Blood and cellular osmotic concentrations vary with environment

Question 2

Osmoregulators

Answer 2

Maintain constant internal osmotic concentration by counteracting osmotic gain/loss of HOH.

Question 3

freshwater bony fish (5)

Answer 3

• take in ions from food and alittle through water.
  -water is hypotonic to them. less ions in water than the organism.
  -Their gills absorb cl- and na+ from the water
  -Their urine has high water content and little salt ions.
  -Absorb most of ions, give little away

Question 4

saltwater bony fish (5)

Answer 4

-hypertonic enviroment. more ions in water
-drink water for salt intake
-Cells in gills secrete Cl-, Na+ follows
-Produce urine w/ Mg2+ and SO4- to rid of excess ions
-have to many ions and give the rest away.

Question 5

Chondrichthyes

Answer 5

-hypotonic enviroment, animal has more ions than water
-Na+ and Cl- diffuse in from environment through skin
-Salts concentrated by salt glands
urine high in salts
-Lots of excess ions

Question 6

Mammalian nephron

Answer 6

major adaptation for HOH conservation, regulation

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 7

functions to open aquaporin channels, increase permeability of collecting duct to water, reclaims water, concentrates urine.

Question 8

The loop of Henle’s main function

Answer 8

reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate. This conserves water for the organism, producing highly concentrated urine.
will be longer (dry) or shorter (wet) based on adaptation to the environment.

Question 9

How do animals deal with dry conditions? (7)

Answer 9

-Metabolize water
-Estivation
-Shade seeking
-migration
-Waterproof body covering to retain water
-Desiccation-loss of water but still function
-Hyperthermia-too hot- saves some water from evaporation