Mating systems as behavioral patterns pt2 (exam 2)

Question 1

Outcrossing

Answer 1

transferring gametes from one individual to another, genetically different individual. in plants

Question 2

Autogamy

Answer 2

self-fertilization of plants

Question 3

Apomixis

Answer 3

asexual reproduction in plants

Question 4

Home range

Answer 4

portion of habitat used on a daily/seasonal basis.

Question 5

Territoriality

Answer 5

exclusive use of part/all of home range.

Question 6

Types of territory (3)

Answer 6

-General purpose
-Mating and nesting
-Feeding

Question 7

Territorial defense tactics (3)

Answer 7

-Combat
-Singing (in birds)
-Scent markers

Question 8

Dispersal

Answer 8

one-way movement of individual from area of birth or hatching

Question 9

Philopatry

Answer 9

lack of dispersal

Question 10

Saturation dispersal

Answer 10

avoid shortage of important resources

Question 11

Pre-saturation dispersal

Answer 11

before resource scarce to decrease risk of inbreeding

Question 12

Inbreeding

Answer 12

Reproduction with close relatives

Question 13

Inbreeding Issues (4)

Answer 13

-↑ freq homozygosity
-↑ freq harmful recessives
-Reproductive problems
-↓ genetic diversity

Question 14

Coefficient of Relatedness, r

Answer 14

Proportion of shared genes

Question 15

Chain calculation of inbreeding coefficient, f, from pedigree

Answer 15

-f= (1/2)N

-N=# links in a chain, not including inbred offspring

-If 2 common ancestors, sum of two chains

Question 16

Mechanisms to reduce inbreeding (3)

Answer 16

-Spatial separation
-Patterns:
Birds -> females disperse
Mammals -> males disperse
-Kin recognition

Question 17

Social Systems Three fundamental components

Answer 17

-group size and composition
-degree of cooperation among individuals
-mating system

Question 18

Size of the Social Groups

Answer 18

-Evolutionarily optimized so that group benefits outweigh costs

-Depends on:
Abundance
Distribution
type of resources