biomes (exam 2)

Question 1

Tundra

Answer 1

a cold, treeless region characterized by extremely low temperatures, very little precipitation, short growing seasons, and a permanently frozen layer of soil called permafrost

Question 2

taiga

Answer 2

characterized by long, cold winters, short summers, and coniferous trees

Question 3

Temperate Broadleaf Forest

Answer 3

warm summers, cold winters, and moderate spring and fall, where the dominant vegetation consists of broad-leaved trees that shed their leaves in autumn.

Question 4

Temperate Grasslands

Answer 4

large open areas dominated by grasses with few trees, experiencing distinct seasons of hot summers and cold winters, moderate rainfall, and fertile soil,

Question 5

Desert Scrub

Answer 5

hot summers, mild winters, and low and irregular rainfall

Question 6

Mediterranean Scrub/California Chaparral

Answer 6

a hot, dry, shrubland ecosystem with a Mediterranean climate that is characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Question 7

Tropical Rain Forest

Answer 7

consistently high temperatures, extremely heavy rainfall throughout the year, nutrient-poor soil, and an incredibly diverse array of plant and animal life

Question 8

Warm Temperate Rainforest

Answer 8

high levels of rainfall throughout the year, mild temperatures with distinct seasons, and a dense canopy of primarily broad-leaved evergreen trees

Question 9

Coastal (Littoral) zone

Answer 9

the shallow, near-shore area of a body of water.
It provides food and shelter for wildlife, absorbs pollutants from water, and prevents shoreline erosion

Question 10

Pelagic zone

Answer 10

the area of the ocean that is not near the shore or the bottom, also known as the open ocean.
nutrient-poor, and organisms in this zone must travel long distances to find food.

Question 11

Oceanic zone

Answer 11

The open ocean area that lies beyond the continental shelf and where the water is deeper than 200 meters.
While it is often difficult for life to sustain itself in this type of environment, many species have adapted and do thrive in the oceanic zone.

Question 12

Neustic zone

Answer 12

A thin film of water at the ocean’s surface that is created by surface tension

Question 13

Euphotic zone

Answer 13

the upper 200 meters of the ocean.

Question 14

Aphotic zone

Answer 14

part of the ocean that is below 200 meters.

Question 15

Benthic zone

Answer 15

the lowest ecological zone in the ocean. it’s made up of the ocean floor and the organisms that live there

Question 16

Rocky Coast biome

Answer 16

Waves cut arches and sea stacks that jut into the water. Bluffs, cliffs, and terraces form as rock is eroded.

Question 17

Kelp Forests biome

Answer 17

Giant kelp plants form dense, sunlight-dappled forests that sway rhythmically in the cool waters of the ocean.

Question 18

Coral Reefs biome

Answer 18

The reef-building corals that rely on a symbiotic relationship with algae need shallow, clear water, allowing light penetration for photosynthesis.

Question 19

Deep Sea Pelagic biome

Answer 19

a vast, dark, and cold habitat, with scares food sources and bioluminescence.

Question 20

Hydrothermal Vent biomes

Answer 20

Vents are most common at the edges of tectonic plates.
extremely high temperatures, mineral-laden plumes of water, unique ecosystems dependent on chemosynthetic bacteria

Question 21

Pleuston

Answer 21

forms of life that live at the interface of air and water

Question 22

Neuston

Answer 22

Organisms resting or swimming on the surface film of the water

Question 23

Plankton

Answer 23

carried by tides and currents, and cannot swim well enough to move against these forces

Question 24

Phytoplankton

Answer 24

microscopic marine algae

Question 25

Zooplankton

Answer 25

plankton consisting of small animals and the immature stages of larger animals.

Question 26

Nekton

Answer 26

aquatic organisms that can actively swim and move independently through the water column

Question 27

Pelagic

Answer 27

relating to, living in, or occurring in the open sea.

Question 28

Demersal

Answer 28

living close to the floor of the sea or a lake

Question 29

Benthos

Answer 29

the flora and fauna found on the bottom, or in the bottom sediments, of a sea