exam 3 part 3

Question 1

Niche

Answer 1

functional role of species in community

Question 2

Niche width

Answer 2

Total of all resources exploited by species

Question 3

Generalist

Answer 3

broad niche
*Better in variable environment

Question 4

Specialist

Answer 4

Narrow niche
*Better if resources renewable, dependable

Question 5

Hutchinson’s Hypervolume concept

Answer 5

a mathematical model that describes the ecological niche of a species as a multi-dimensional space

Question 6

Fundamental niche

Answer 6

full range of available resources

Question 7

Realized niche

Answer 7

decrease of available resources available due to competition

Question 8

Two separate niche of same size

Answer 8

no competition

Question 9

Two niches of same size overlap slightly

Answer 9

Some competition, but may shift resource usage to coexist

Question 10

If A population has larger niche and overlaps with smaller B

Answer 10

B has a decreased realized niche because they will use other resources to avoid competition

Question 11

If A is bigger and better than B and B’s niche is encompassed by A’s niche

Answer 11

then B will go extinct

Question 12

If A is bigger than B and B is encompassed by A but B is the better competitor

Answer 12

then A’s realized niche decreases

Question 13

Exploitative competition

Answer 13

occurs when individuals interact indirectly as they compete for common resources, like territory, prey or food

Question 14

Interference competition

Answer 14

When one organism physically restricts another organism’s access to resources

Question 15

Lotka-Volterra Competition Model example

Answer 15

converts members of 1 population into equivalent of individuals of other species

Question 16

Succession

Answer 16

serial replacement of species in ecosystem over time

Question 17

Primary Succession

Answer 17

succession on previously uncolonized substrate

Question 18

Secondary Succession

Answer 18

succession occurs following disturbance

Question 19

Pioneer species

Answer 19

the first organisms to colonize new or disturbed environments
r-selection common in pioneers

Question 20

climax species

Answer 20

plant species that are well-adapted to stable environments and remain relatively unchanged in composition as long as the site is undisturbed
K-selection common in climax species

Question 21

A climax community is

Answer 21

the “endpoint” of succession within the context of a particular climate and geography

Question 22

facilitation (4)

Answer 22

-Only pioneer species established
-Pioneer species modify environment to make (+) suitable for later species
-Early species poor competitors, eliminated by later species
-Continues to climax

Question 23

tolerance (4)

Answer 23

-Any species that invades survives to adulthood
-Environment modifications do not encourage recruitment
-Poorer competitors are eliminated by better competitors
-Continues to climax

Question 24

inhibition (4)

Answer 24

-Early invaders good colonizers, good competitors
-Modifications by early colonizers make environment less suitable
-Species replaced by more resistant species when damaged by external forces
-No real climax