Exam 3 part 2

Question 1

The two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a nucleic acid are:
A.) A and T.
B.) C and G.	
C.) sugar and phosphate.
D.) base and sugar.
E.) base and phosphate.

Answer 1

C.) sugar and phosphate

Question 2

The synthesis of a RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is called?
A.) replication.	
B.) translation.
C.) transcription.
D.) DNA synthesis.
E.) metabolism.

Answer 2

C.) transcription

Question 3

A gene affects an organism’s phenotype by controlling
A.) protein production.
B.) the mutation rate.
C.) the organism’s environment.
D.) the organism’s ribosomes.

Answer 3

A.) protein production

Question 4

For a firefly to glow, the enzyme luciferase must assist a chemical reaction in the cells of the firefly. A scientist uses a chemical to induce a mutation in the luciferase gene in a strain of fireflies. Which of the following is true?

A.) Even if the mutation changes the structure of the luciferase protein, it will still be able to perform the chemical reactions needed to make the firefly glow.
B.) The ability of the firefly to glow may or may not be affected by the mutation.
C.) The mutation will affect the structure of the mRNA made from the gene, but not the structure of the protein made from the gene.
D.) Any mutation in a gene causes that gene to stop making functional proteins.

Answer 4

B.) The ability of the firefly to glow may or may not be affected by the mutation.

Question 5

The importance of tRNA is that it
A.) carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA.
B.) reads the DNA molecule.
C.) contains codons that specify amino acids.
D.) is important in the construction of ribosomes.

Answer 5

A.) carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA.

Question 6

It is possible for a mutation to occur and yet not alter the end product of translation if
A.) the RNA polymerase skips over the mutated area.
B.) the new codon codes for the same amino acid.
C.) a deletion mutation removes the entire codon.
D.) the mutation affects the active site of the protein product.

Answer 6

B.) the new codon codes for the same amino acid.

Question 7

In bacteria, the antibiotic tetracycline blocks the site where tRNA molecules enter the ribosome. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with tetracycline is because the antibiotic
A.) inhibits the cell from producing the mRNA.
B.) causes the tRNA molecules to randomly arrange into proteins that do not function
C.) causes tRNA rather than mRNA to be made into proteins.
D.) prevents the bacteria from assembling proteins.

Answer 7

D.) prevents the bacteria from assembling proteins.

Question 8

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and thus do not have nuclei. Therefore,
A.) prokaryotes are unable to undergo transcription and translation.
B.) prokaryotic cells do not need to undergo translation.
C.) prokaryotic transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.
D.) prokaryotes are unable to replicate their DNA.

Answer 8

C.) prokaryotic transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Which of the following results would most likely occur if introns were not removed from newly made mRNA?
A.) The introns could not be used to produce the proteins the cell needs from them.
B.) The resulting protein would be longer than if the introns were removed.
C.) The resulting DNA would not code for the correct gene.
D.) The resulting rRNA would not code for the correct protein.

Answer 9

B.) The resulting protein would be longer than if the introns were removed.

Question 10

When a cell divides, it
A.) breaks down its DNA.
B.) deletes old genetic information.
C.) copies information from neighboring cells.
D.) copies its own genetic information.

Answer 10

D.) copies its own genetic information.

Question 11

Proteins are produced directly from DNA, with no intermediate steps.
False
True

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Codons consist of how many nucleotides?
2	
3	
5	
6
12

Answer 12

3

Question 13

Individuals of the same species generally
A.) experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction.
B.) do not interbreed extensively
C.) share many common physical and behavioral characteristics.
D.) experience postzygotic barriers to reproduction.

Answer 13

C.) share many common physical and behavioral characteristics.

Question 14

Polyploidy can lead to
A,) a high rate of gene flow between populations.
B.) geographic isolation.
C.) fewer chromosomes.
D.) reproductive isolation.

Answer 14

D.) reproductive isolation.

Question 15

Sympatric speciation can occur in the absence of geographic isolation.
True
False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Speciation in animals can occur in the absence of geographic isolation.
True
False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation.
False
True

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Populations within a species are connected by	
A.) gene flow.	
B.) speciation.	
C.) continental drift.
D.) genetic drift.

Answer 18

A.) gene flow.

Question 19

Gene flow prevents two populations from becoming genetically different.
True
False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The distance needed for geographic isolation is the same for a crow as it is for a snail.
True
False

Answer 20

False

Question 21

The distance needed for geographic isolation is
A.) larger for a crow than it is for a snail.
B.) smaller for a crow than it is for a snail.
C.) the same for both a crow and a snail.
D.) impossible to determine because bird species cannot be geographically isolated.

Answer 21

A.) larger for a crow than it is for a snail.

Question 22

What single feature, shared by all organisms, allows scientists to reliably compare distantly related living or recently extinct organisms?
A.) most recent common ancestor
B.) divergent common ancestor	
C.) most recent common lineage
D.) DNA

Answer 22

D.) DNA

Question 23

The most commonly used classification system includes 12 kingdoms.
TRUE
FALSE

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen.
TRUE
FALSE

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Bacteria, protists, and fungi belong to the domain Archaea.
TRUE
FALSE

Answer 25

False

Question 26

A set of derived features
A.) will be unique to each Linnaean taxon.
B.) marks a group of species as a set of close relatives.
C.) most often indicates convergences.
D.) can be found only in humans.

Answer 26

B.) marks a group of species as a set of close relatives.

Question 27

Which of the following pairs of kingdoms would be included exclusively in the domain Eukarya?
A.) Plants and Bacteria	
B.) Animals and Archaea	
C.) Animalia and Fungi
D.) Protists and Bacteria

Answer 27

C.) Animalia and Fungi

Question 28

Convergence is an evolutionary process that produces similar traits in organisms having common life strategies but not common ancestors; which of the pairs of features is not convergent?
A.) The fins of the whale and shark
B.) the opposable thumbs of the human and panda
C.) the hands of the chimpanzee and human
D.) the wings of the bat and bird

Answer 28

C.) the hands of the chimpanzee and human