Chapter 3

Question 1

_______ _______ is a unifying principle of biology,

Answer 1

Cell Theory

Question 2

A cell is composed of an ________ (watery) interior enclosed in a _________ __________.

Answer 2

aqueous, plasma membrane

Question 3

The plasma membrane is a _________ ________ barrier.

Answer 3

selectively permeable

Question 4

Molecules that can pass though a plasma membrane without much trouble are: ________ ______/_______, and _______

Answer 4

small, non-polar/hydrophobic, and water.

Question 5

Molecules that are less likely to pass though the plasma membrane without assistance are: ______ _______, ______ ________, and ________.

Answer 5

polar molecules, large molecules, and ions

Question 6

The _______ ________ _______ is out current understanding of the structure of the plasma membrane.

Answer 6

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 7

Loose group of cells that cooperate for mutual benefit and can exist independently are called ______ _________.

Answer 7

colonial organism

Question 8

Interdependent group of genetically identical cells that develop from a single cell are called __________ ___________.

Answer 8

multi-cellular organisms

Question 9

A sub-cellular structure that preforms a unique function in a cells is called what?

Answer 9

a organelle

Question 10

Most prokaryotic have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Prokaryotic do not have these two things.

Answer 11

nucleus and membranous organelles.

Question 12

Highly structured, efficient factories that have the capacity to reproduce themselves are called what?

Answer 12

Eukaryotic cells.

Question 13

The _____ _______ is bounded by a double plasma membrane.

Answer 13

nuclear envelope

Question 14

The nuclear envelop contains nuclear pores though which smallish molecules pass freely.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Passage of small molecules is selective (inside the nucleus)

Answer 15

False, it is larger molecules that are selective.

Question 16

DNA cal leave the nucleus.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What organelle is the only one to contain both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 18

What do Ribosomes do?

Answer 18

Converts RNA into protein.

Question 19

Ribosomes have a membrane.

Answer 19

False, the do not have a membrane.

Question 20

Transcription happens inside the nucleus and converts DNA into RNA.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Translation happens inside the cytoplasm and converts RNA into proteins.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Chloroplasts are found in both producers and consumers.

Answer 22

False, only found in producers.

Question 23

Mitochondria are found in both producers and consumers.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The interconnect network of tube and flattened sacs that produce certain lipids and proteins is called the _____________ ____________.

Answer 24

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

The _______ ER produces lipids for other cellular compartments and helps break down toxic organic compound in the cell.

Answer 25

Smooth

Question 26

The ________ ER produces proteins from use both inside and outside the cell (dotted with ribosomes)

Answer 26

Rough

Question 27

The Golgi Apparatus directs proteins and lipid produced by the ER to their final destination either inside or outside the cell.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Small, spherical, membrane-enclosed sacs that moves bio-molecules between cellular compartments is called what?

Answer 28

Transport Vesicles

Question 29

_________ (proteins) break down macro-molecules and release the sub-units into the cytoplasm for recycling or waste removal.

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

The interior of lysosomes is low acidic, with a pH of about 5.

Answer 30

False, they are highly acidic.