Chapter 3 Flashcards
_______ _______ is a unifying principle of biology,
Cell Theory
A cell is composed of an ________ (watery) interior enclosed in a _________ __________.
aqueous, plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is a _________ ________ barrier.
selectively permeable
Molecules that can pass though a plasma membrane without much trouble are: ________ ______/_______, and _______
small, non-polar/hydrophobic, and water.
Molecules that are less likely to pass though the plasma membrane without assistance are: ______ _______, ______ ________, and ________.
polar molecules, large molecules, and ions
The _______ ________ _______ is out current understanding of the structure of the plasma membrane.
Fluid Mosaic Model
Loose group of cells that cooperate for mutual benefit and can exist independently are called ______ _________.
colonial organism
Interdependent group of genetically identical cells that develop from a single cell are called __________ ___________.
multi-cellular organisms
A sub-cellular structure that preforms a unique function in a cells is called what?
a organelle
Most prokaryotic have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane.
True
Prokaryotic do not have these two things.
nucleus and membranous organelles.
Highly structured, efficient factories that have the capacity to reproduce themselves are called what?
Eukaryotic cells.
The _____ _______ is bounded by a double plasma membrane.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelop contains nuclear pores though which smallish molecules pass freely.
True
Passage of small molecules is selective (inside the nucleus)
False, it is larger molecules that are selective.
DNA cal leave the nucleus.
False
What organelle is the only one to contain both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
What do Ribosomes do?
Converts RNA into protein.
Ribosomes have a membrane.
False, the do not have a membrane.
Transcription happens inside the nucleus and converts DNA into RNA.
True
Translation happens inside the cytoplasm and converts RNA into proteins.
True
Chloroplasts are found in both producers and consumers.
False, only found in producers.
Mitochondria are found in both producers and consumers.
True
The interconnect network of tube and flattened sacs that produce certain lipids and proteins is called the _____________ ____________.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The _______ ER produces lipids for other cellular compartments and helps break down toxic organic compound in the cell.
Smooth
The ________ ER produces proteins from use both inside and outside the cell (dotted with ribosomes)
Rough
The Golgi Apparatus directs proteins and lipid produced by the ER to their final destination either inside or outside the cell.
True
Small, spherical, membrane-enclosed sacs that moves bio-molecules between cellular compartments is called what?
Transport Vesicles
_________ (proteins) break down macro-molecules and release the sub-units into the cytoplasm for recycling or waste removal.
Enzymes
The interior of lysosomes is low acidic, with a pH of about 5.
False, they are highly acidic.
