Chapter 8 Flashcards
Positive growth factors/regulators encourage _______.
mitosis
Negative growth factors discourage mitosis and may encourage _____ _____.
cell death
External growth factors tend to be hormones.
True
Hormones can act as either _______ or _______ growth regulators depending on the tissue and depending on the time.
positive or negative
The positive growth regulators can be compared to the gas pedal in a car.
True
Genes that encourage cell division and are necessary to normal development are called what?
Proto-Oncogenes
Oncogenes are proto-oncogenes that have abnormal expression.
True
Negative growth regulators are compared to the brake pedal on a car.
ture
Genes that prevent the cell cycle from continuing are called what?
Tumor Suppressor Genes
The gene ____ plays a vital role in maintain appropriate cellular division.
p53
More than half of all cancers indicated a loss of p53 activity in tumor cells.
True
Cancer develops because of one mutation in a single cell.
False, it is in multiple mutations accumulated.
Most human cancers are hereditary.
False, cancers are not hereditary
About 5% of cancers are results of inherited gene mutations.
True
___________ are physical, chemical, or biological agents that cause cancer.
Carcinogens
Two unavoidable risk factors of cancer inculde _______ _______ and ______.
inherited genes, aging
An example of avoidable cancer is HPV.
True
When distinguishing between benign and malignant moles A stands for…
asymmetry
When distinguishing between benign and malignant moles B stands for…
Border
When distinguishing between benign and malignant moles C stands for…
Color
When distinguishing between benign and malignant moles D stands for…
Diameter
When distinguishing between benign and malignant moles E stands for…
Evolving
A _______ _____ is one that has been confined to one site.
benign tumor
A ________ _____ is one capable of spreading tumor cells to other area of the body.
malignant tumor
_______ is the spread of tumor cells throughout the body.
Metastasis
Chemotherapy prevents ALL cell division.
True
