Exam 3 Flashcards
allelic variation within and between populations
Genetic Diversity
How many species are in a given area
Species Diversity
How many habitats are in a given ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity
Areas that host a particular species
Habitats
Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryote
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryote
Eu means true nucleus
True
Pro means before nucleus
True
Broad category ranking organism on similar cell type and genetics
Domain
Unicellular Prokaryoties
Bacteria and Arcaea
Unicellular & multi-cellular Eukaryotes
Eukarya
There are six kingdoms divided from the domains.
True
Plasmids are additional genetic content not related to primary cellular function.
True
Conjugation is two living organisms exchange genetic material
True
The taking in of DNA that sitting in the environment is Environmental Uptake.
True
Insertion of genes from one domain to another is refereed to as Domain-Domain
True
get their Carbon from inorganic sources
Autotroph
Receive their carbon from organic sources
Heterotroph
Obtain their energy from light (inorganic)
Photo-
Obtain their energy from inorganic molecules
Litho-
Obtain their energy from organic molecules
Chemo-
Does not need oxygen (will limit growth)
Anaerobes
Needs atmospheric oxygen
Aerobes
Extremophiles are organism that thrive in extreme environments
True
Thermophiles need high heat.
Ture
Halophiles need high salt.
True
Acidophiles need high acid.
True
Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in other organisms
True
Traits that leads to increased reproduction
Adaptive
Traits that lead to decreased reproduction
Maladaptive
Gene flow is alleles moving between populations.
True
Mutation increases variation
True
This generally removes variation
Natural Selection
This generally maintains existing variation
Gene Flow
this removes variation all together
Genetic Drift
Bases on shared physical characteristics
Morphological
Based on as a group of natural populations that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Biological
One species splits to form two or mote species by being reproductively isolated from one another is called ________.
Speciation
__________ barriers prevent sperm and egg gamete from successful fusion to from a zygote
Pre-zygotic
_________ barriers prevent zygotes from developing into health and fertile offspring
Post-zygotic
Natural selection comes from environmental pressures
True
Sexual Sections is based on mate preferences
True
Artificial Selection is due to mans impact on nature
True
___________ (__RNA)communicated messages from DNA to be converted into proteins.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
______________ (__RNA) enzymatic RNA that binds amino acids together inside a ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
___________ (__RNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes and interacts with mRNA and rRNA.
Transfer (tRNA)
Alleles of a single gene
Law of Segregation
Separate genes (on the same or a different chromosome)
Law of Independent Assortment
A segment breaks off and is lost from a chromosome is called
Deletion
A segment breaks off and in reattached bu in the reverse order is called
Inversion
A segment breaks off one chromosome and becomes attached to a different non-homoguls chromosome is called
Translocation
A chromosome become larger after acquiring an extra copy of a chromosome segment is called
Duplication
The process of DNA to RNA is called what?
Transcription
The process of RNA to protein is called what?
Translation
Transcription occurs where?
In the nucleus
Translation occurs where?
In the cytoplasm/ribosomes
How well a genotype reproduces is called what?
Fitness
________ develops speciation and reproductive isolation through geographical isolation
Allopatric
________ develops speciation and reproductive isolation in the same location
Sympatric
Region of DNA that indicated to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
Promoter
A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule, which then departs from the gene
Terminator
enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
RNA Polymerase
