Exam 3 (pain management)

Question 1

• converts energy produced by thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli into electrical energy

Answer 1

Transduction

Question 2

• a sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber

Answer 2

Nociceptor

Question 3

• generated from the breakdown of cell membranes; thought to increase sensitivity to pain

Answer 3

Prostaglandins

Question 4

• produced by mast cells causing capillary dilation and increased capillary permeability

Answer 4

Histamine

Question 5

• released from the brainstem and dorsal horn to inhibit pain stimulation

Answer 5

Serotonin

Question 6

• natural morphine like substances in the brain released as a response to pain

Answer 6

Neuromodulators (inhibitory)

Question 7

_____ is protective and usually has a identifiable cause, is short duration, has limited tissue damage and emotional response

Answer 7

Acute pain

Question 8

________ serves no purpose but and an emotional impact on one’s life; examples such as arthritis, low back pain, headache etc

Answer 8

Chronic/persistent non cancer pain

Question 9

_____ pain comes from one, joint, muscle, or tissue

Answer 9

Somatic

Question 10

_____ pain arises from visceral organs such as the GI tract and pancreas

Answer 10

Visceral

Question 11

• normal stimulation of peripheral nerve endings such as somatic and visceral pain

Answer 11

Nociceptive pain

Question 12

• abnormal processing of sensory input such as phantom pains or nerve root compression

Answer 12

Neuropathic pain

Question 13

• chronic pain in the absence of a cause or pain that is excessive for the extent of a condition

Answer 13

Idiopathic pain

Question 14

• pain resulting from stimulation of the skin

Answer 14

Superficial or cutaneous

Question 15

• pain from internal organs

Answer 15

Deep or visceral

Question 16

• pain in unaffected areas due to lack of nociceptors

Answer 16

Referred

Question 17

• sensation of pain extending from initial injury site to another body part

Answer 17

Radiating

Question 18

-drugs like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen that relieve mild pain such as headache or muscle strain

Answer 18

NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

Question 19

• acetaminophen (tylenol) and NSAIDs

Answer 19

Non Opioid

Question 20

• traditionally called narcotics

Answer 20

Opioids

Question 21

• co-analgesics that enhance the analgesic properties

Answer 21

Adjuvants

Question 22

• combines drugs with two different mechanisms so that dosage and side effects can be minimised and pain control can be optimized

Answer 22

Multimodal analgesia

Question 23

• drug delivery system that allows for a patient to administer their drugs; benefits are that the patient gains control over pain relief

Answer 23

Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)

Question 24

• the local infiltration of an anesthetic medication to include loss of sensation in a body part

Answer 24

Local analgesia

Question 25

- injection of a local anesthetic to block sensory nerve fibers; sensation is diminished but motor function is still operational

Answer 25

Regional anesthesia

Question 26

- inserted into the spine to treat acute pain and chronic cancer pain; reduces severe pain

Answer 26

Epidural analgesia