Exam 1 Flashcards
Professional nursing roles include: _______, __________, __________-, __________, and _______.
autonomy/accountability, caregiver, advocator, educator, and communicator
________ is the protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities
nursing
the ______ is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principals you use to take care of patients
code of ethics
_______ is the initiation of independence
autonomy
as a _____ you help patients maintain and regain health
caregiver
as a _________ you protect you patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights
patient advocate
as an _____ you explain concepts and facts about health, and describe the reason for routine care activities
educator
your effectiveness as a _______ allows you to know your patients
communicator
______- describes the study of all the genes in a person and how the person and the genes react to the environment
genomics
the levels of care are demonstrated by a critical thinking model known as the nursing process: _______ _______ ________ _______ ________
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implantation, evaluation
the ______________ addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
_________ involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, hospitals, or other organizations
continuing education
_______ programs are instruction or training provided by a health care agency
in service education
- the stage after pyrexia has broken and the body begins to return to normal temperature
Afebrile
- the place that the apex of a heart pulse is felt
Apical pulse
- temporary cessation of breathing
Apnea
- the force exerted on the wall of an artery by the pulling of blood from the heart 120/80 is normal
Blood pressure
- a slow heat rate below 60 bmp in adults
Bradycardia
- the relative constant temperature of the internal human body which is 98.6F
Core temperature
- visible perspiration on the forehead or thorax. For each hour in exercise, 1/2 to 2L of water can be lost through sweat
Diaphoresis
- the minimal pressure exerted against artery walls at all times
Diastolic pressure
- ventilation of the lungs
Eupnea
- the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
Evaporation
- also called pyrexia occurs when heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep up with heat production resulting in abnormal body temperature
Fever
- the most common problem with BP; is assorted with the thickening and loss of elasticity of the artery walls; Hg systolic 120 - 139 mm Hg
Hypertension
- an elevated body temperature due to an inability of the body to promote heat loss
Hyperthermia
- is present when the systolic BP falls to 90mm Hg or below
Hypotension
- heat loss during prolonged exposure to the cold that overwhelms the body’s ability to produce heat
Hypothermia
- abnormal low concentration of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
- occurs when a normotensive person develops symptoms and a drop in systolic pressure by at least 20mm Hg or a drop in diastolic by at least 20mm Hg within 3 min of standing up right
Orthostatic hypotension
- the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse Pressure
- the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin molecules >95%
Oxygen saturation
- an inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse wave to the peripheral pulse site
Pulse Deficit
- occurs when heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep up with heat production resulting in abnormal body temperature
Pyrexia
- involuntary response to temperature differences in the body; it can increase heat production by 4 to 5 times normal
Shivering
- device to measure blood pressure; includes a pressure manometer, an occlusive cuff that encompasses a rubber bladder, and a pressure bulb with a release valve
Sphygmomanometer
- the peak of the blood pressure when ejecting from the heart
Systolic blood pressure
- an abnormal elevated heart rate above 100 bpm in adults
Tachycardia
- abnormal rapid breathing >20 breaths per min
Tachypnea
What are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
oxygen , fluids, nutrition, body temp, elemation, shelter, sex Physical safety, psychological safety Love and belonging Self esteem Self actualization
- activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness
Positive health behaviors
- practices that are potentially harmful to health
Negative health behaviors
- emotional and spiritual well being and other dimensions of an individual to be important aspects of health
Holistic health model
- activities such as routine exercise that help patients maintain or enhance their present lives
Health Promotion
- strategies that help people achieve a new understanding and control of their lives
Wellness
- activities such as immunization programs that help protect patients from actual threats to health
Illness Prevention
- individuals gain from the activities of others without doing any action
Passive Strategies of Health Promotion
- individuals adopt specific health programs
Active Strategies of Health Promotion
- is applied to patients that are considered healthy; aimed at health promotion includes educational programs, immunizations, nutritional programs, and physical fitness
Primary Prevention
- focuses on people who are experiencing health problems; activities are directed at diagnosis and treatment and allowing the patient to return to a normal life
Secondary Prevention
- when a disability is permanent or irreversible; activities are directed at rehabilitation and minimizing the effects of the disease or problem
Tertiary prevention
- variables or situations that increase vulnerability of an individual to an illness or accident
Risk factors
Risk factors include:
Genes
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
Stages of changing Health Behaviors:
Precontemplation - not contemplating change
Contemplation - thinking of change in six months
Preparation - preparing to make changes
Action - making the change
Maintenance - maintaining the change
- a state in which a person’s physical, emotional social or developmental functioning is diminished
Illness
-short duration illness
Acute illness
- illness that persists longer than six months
Chronic illness
_______ is an essential skill that involves the interpretation of a patients needs, concerns, or health problems and the decisions to make
Clinical Judgement
_______ is the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner
Critical thinking
- purposeful thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning
Reflection
Three levels of the critical thinking model:
basis, complex and commitment
- a learner trusts that the experts have the correct answers; based on a set of rules or principles
Basic Critical Thinking
- a person’s thinking abilities and initiative to look beyond expert opinion and begin to make decisions more independently
Complex Critical Thinking
- anticipating when to make decisions and accepting accountability for your actions
Commitment
Steps of the Scientific method:
Identify problem Collect data Formulate hypothesis Test hypothesis Evaluate results
- evaluating a situation over time, identifying solutions, trying solution to prove its effectiveness
Problem solving
- product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution
Decision making
- process of drawing conclusion based on related pieces of evidence or previous experience with the evidence
Inference
- choosing the options for the best patient outcomes on the basis of a patient’s condition and priority of the problem
Clinical Decision Making
- information that you obtain through the use of the senses
Cue
Subjective Data is ___________
Verbal description of a health problem
Objective Data is ________
Observations or measurements about a patient’s health
Things to keep in mind for a patient centered interview
The four C’s of communication
Courtesy
Comfort
Connection
Confirmation
What is the purpose for a physical examination?
Gather a baseline data
Identify and confirm a diagnosis
Make clinical decision
Evaluate the outcome of care
The _________ is a systematic approach for collecting subjective information about a patient
Review of Systems
______ is defined as freedom from psychological and physical injury
Safety
