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NUR 112 > Exam 2 (immobility) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (immobility) Flashcards

1
Q
  • is a term that describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system
A

Body mechanics

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2
Q
  • refers to the positioning of the body while standing, sitting, and laying
A

Posture

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3
Q
  • means that an individual’s center of gravity is stable
A

Body alignment

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4
Q
  • a force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement
A

Friction

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5
Q
  • the force exerted against the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move
A

Shear

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6
Q
  • fractures created by weakened bones
A

Pathological fractures

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7
Q
  • an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons
A

Bed rest

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8
Q
  • refers to a person’s inability to move
A

Immobility

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9
Q
  • refers to a person’s ability to move freely
A

Mobility

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10
Q
  • loss of muscle tone and joint stiffness
A

Muscle atrophy

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11
Q
  • one’s body excreting more nitrogen than it ingested proteins
A

Negative nitrogen balance

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12
Q
  • collapse of the alveoli
A

Atelectasis

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13
Q
  • a drop of blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic when the patient changes from supine to standing position
A

Orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q
  • inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions
A

Hypostatic pneumonia

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15
Q
  • is an accumulation of a blood clot attached to an interior wall of a vein or artery
A

Thrombus

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16
Q
  • the foot is permanently fixed in the plantar position
A

Foot Drop

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17
Q
  • an abnormal and possibly permanent fixed joint
A

Joint contracture

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18
Q
  • impaired calcium metabolism; the bone becomes less dense or atrophied due to immobilization
A

Disuse osteoporosis

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19
Q
  • due to insufficient effort of the ureters to overcome gravity, urine fills the renal pelvis; a UTI can occur as a result
A

Urinary stasis

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20
Q
  • style of walking
A

Gait

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21
Q
  • the maximum amount of motion available at a joint in one of the three planes: sagittal, transverse or frontal
A

Range of Motion (ROM)

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22
Q
  • an impairment in the skin due to prolonged ischemia (decreased blood supply)
A

Pressure ulcer

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23
Q
  • calcium stones
A

Renal calculi

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24
Q
  • physical activity that conditions the body
A

Exercise

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25
Q
  • the maximum about of exercise a person can do without injury
A

Activity tolerance

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26
Q
  • percussion and postural drainage; effective for preventing pneumonia
A

Chest physiotherapy

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27
Q
  • a dislodged venous thrombus
A

Embolus

28
Q
  • measurements such as height, weight, and skinfold thickness; use to evaluate muscle atrophy
A

Anthropometric measurements

29
Q
  • a cotton blanket that is folded and rolled to prevent external rotation of the hips whine a patient is supine
A

Trochanter roll

30
Q
  • one sided weakness
A

Hempiparesis

31
Q
  • one sided paralysis
A

Hemiplegia

32
Q
  • activities that are needed to be independent in society such as cooking, shopping and taking medication
A

Instrumental activities beyond daily living (IADLs)

33
Q
  • a triangular device that hangs over a patient that helps them pull up their upper body
A

Trapeze bar

34
Q
  • a congenital or acquired condition where head is inclined to affected side, in which the sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted.
A

Torticollis

35
Q
  • a congenital, temporary condition where the anterior convex curve of the lumbar spine is exaggerated.
A

Lordosis

36
Q
  • a congenital condition where the convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine is increase
A

Kyphosis

37
Q
  • lateral S or C shaped spinal column with vertical rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulders.
A

Scoliosis

38
Q
  • hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasional adduction contractures.
A

Congenital hip dysplasia

39
Q
  • internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants.
A

Pigeon toes

40
Q
  • inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage.
A

Foot Drop

41
Q
  • 95% medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot. 5% lateral deviation and dorsiflection
A

Clubfoot

42
Q
  • one or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2-3 years of age.
A

Bowlegs

43
Q
  • legs curved inward so knees come together as a person walks.
A

Knock knee

44
Q
  • involves physiological changes following a period of inactivity, bed rest, or sedentary lifestyle
A

Deconditioning

45
Q
  • activities usually performed in the course of a normal day in the patient’s life such as eating, dressing, bathing brushing the teeth, or grooming.
A

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

46
Q
  • midpoint or center of the weight of a body or object.
A

Center of gravity

47
Q
  • boards at the end of a patients bed that the patient uses to move themselves up in bed.
A

Footboards

48
Q
  • the connection between bones.
A

Joint

49
Q
  • fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little, if any movement such as syndesmosis between the tibia or fibula.
A

Fibrous joints

50
Q
  • have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony surfaces such as the synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage.
A

Cartilaginous joints

51
Q
  • such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely moveable and the most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints.
A

Synovial joints (true joints)

52
Q
  • are white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that bind joints and connect bones and cartilage.
A

Ligaments

53
Q
  • white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and thickness.
A

Tendons

54
Q
  • is nonvascular, supporting connective tissue with the flexibility of a firm, plastic material.
A

Cartilage

55
Q
  • increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed.
A

Concentric tension

56
Q
  • helps control the speed and direction of movement.
A

Eccentric tension

57
Q
  • concentric and eccentric muscle actions that are necessary for active movement.
A

Isotonic contraction

58
Q
  • causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (i.e. flexing).
A

Isometric contraction

59
Q
  • the normal state of balanced muscle tension.
A

Muscle tone (tonis)

60
Q
  • cause movement in a joint.
A

Antagonistic muscles

61
Q
  • contracts to cause movement to a joint in conjunction with antagonistic muscles.
A

Synergistic muscles

62
Q
  • stabilize joints and continuously oppose the effect of gravity on the body and permit a person to maintain an upright or sitting posture.
A

Antigravity muscles

63
Q
  • gait achieved by a person using crutches. Includes the four-point alternating gait, three-point alternating gait, two-point gait, and swing through gait.
A

Crutch gait

64
Q
  • the awareness of the position of the body and its parts.
A

Proprioception

65
Q
  • permanent cartilage.
A

Unossified

NUR 112 (11 decks)

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