exam 2 (nutrition)

Question 1

• all household members have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle

Answer 1

Food security

Question 2

• the amount of energy you need to consume over a 24-hour period for your body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest

Answer 2

Resting energy expenditure (REE)

Question 3

• the energy needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature) for a specific amount of time

Answer 3

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 4

• foods that contain elements necessary for body functions, including water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals

Answer 4

Nutrients

Question 5

• the classification for both monosaccharides and disaccharides; they are found primarily in sugars

Answer 5

SImple carbohydrates

Question 6

• composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, are the main source of energy in the diet

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

• proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories

Answer 7

Nutrient density

Question 8

• a polysaccharide, is the structural part of plants that is not broken down by our digestive enzymes

Answer 8

Fiber

Question 9

• fats

Answer 9

Lipids

Question 10

• the intake and output of nitrogen are equal

Answer 10

Nitrogen balance

Question 11

• acids the body can synthesize such as alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid

Answer 11

Dispensable amino acids

Question 12

• unsynthesizable amino acids such as histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine

Answer 12

Indispensable amino acid

Question 13

• the simplest form of protein, consists of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

Answer 13

Amino acid

Question 14

• excessive intake of fat soluble vitamins. Results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, excessive amounts in fortified food, and large intakes of fish oils

Answer 14

Hypervitaminosis

Question 15

• Stored in the fatty compartments of the body. (A, D, E, and K)

Answer 15

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 16

• are organic substances present in small amounts in foods that are essential to normal metabolism

Answer 16

Vitamins

Question 17

• vitamin C and the B complex. The body does not store water soluble vitamins; thus we need them in our daily food intake

Answer 17

Water-soluble vitamins

Question 18

• wavelike muscular contractions

Answer 18

Peristalsis

Question 19

• protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

Answer 19

Enzymes

Question 20

• when the daily requirement of a mineral is less than 100mg

Answer 20

Trace elements

Question 21

• when the daily requirement for a mineral is 100mg or more

Answer 21

Macrominerals

Question 22

• are inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions

Answer 22

Minerals

Question 23

• when food is turned into an acidic, liquified mass after leaving the stomach and entering the duodenum

Answer 23

Chyme

Question 24

• oxidized fatty acids that are stored in the liver and muscle tissue for energy

Answer 24

Ketones

Question 25

• the breakdown of biochemical substances into simpler substances and occurs during physiological states of negative nitrogen balance

Answer 25

Catabolism

Question 26

• the building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of its nutrients

Answer 26

Anabolism

Question 27

• refers to all of the biochemical reactions within the cells of the body

Answer 27

Metabolism

Question 28

• catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water

Answer 28

Glycogenolysis

Question 29

• reference daily intakes and daily reference values found on food labels

Answer 29

Daily values

Question 30

• present evidence based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group

Answer 30

DIetary reference intakes (DRI)

Question 31

• catabolism of amino acids and glycerol into glucose for energy

Answer 31

Gluconeogenesis

Question 32

• anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage

Answer 32

Glycogenesis

Question 33

• fear of weight gain leading to restricting of daily intake requirements leading to loss of weight

Answer 33

Anorexia nervosa

Question 34

• lack of essential nutrients

Answer 34

Malnutrition

Question 35

• consumption of a diet consisting primarily of plant foods

Answer 35

Vegetarianism

Question 36

• recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by self induced vomiting or excessive exercise, use of diuretics, laxatives, or strict dieting

Answer 36

Bulimia nervosa

Question 37

• measurement system for the size and makeup of the body

Answer 37

Anthropometry

Question 38

• provides an estimate of what a person should weigh

Answer 38

Ideal body weight (IBW)

Question 39

• measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height/ weight relationships

Answer 39

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 40

• provides nutrients to the GI tract

Answer 40

Enteral nutrition (EN)

Question 41

• difficulty swallowing

Answer 41

Dysphagia

Question 42

• a form of specialized nutrition support provided intravenously

Answer 42

Parenteral nutrition (PN)

Question 43

• soybean or safflower oil based solutions that are isotonic and may be infused with amino acid and dextrose solution through central or peripheral lines

Answer 43

Intravenous fat emulsions

Question 44

• the use of specific nutritional therapies to treat an illness, injury, or condition

Answer 44

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT)

Question 45

• unable to absorb certain nutrients

Answer 45

Malabsorption

Question 46

• measures the total surface area of the body and is used to calculate drug dosages and medical indicators or assessments

Answer 46

BSA

Question 47

• decrease bowel output

Answer 47

Water soluble fibers

Question 48

• increase bowel output

Answer 48

Water insoluble fibers

Question 49

________ = 1lb

Answer 49

500ml