exam 2 (nutrition) Flashcards
1
Q
- all household members have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle
A
Food security
2
Q
- the amount of energy you need to consume over a 24-hour period for your body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest
A
Resting energy expenditure (REE)
3
Q
- the energy needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature) for a specific amount of time
A
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
4
Q
- foods that contain elements necessary for body functions, including water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
A
Nutrients
5
Q
- the classification for both monosaccharides and disaccharides; they are found primarily in sugars
A
SImple carbohydrates
6
Q
- composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, are the main source of energy in the diet
A
Carbohydrates
7
Q
- proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories
A
Nutrient density
8
Q
- a polysaccharide, is the structural part of plants that is not broken down by our digestive enzymes
A
Fiber
9
Q
- fats
A
Lipids
10
Q
- the intake and output of nitrogen are equal
A
Nitrogen balance
11
Q
- acids the body can synthesize such as alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid
A
Dispensable amino acids
12
Q
- unsynthesizable amino acids such as histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine
A
Indispensable amino acid
13
Q
- the simplest form of protein, consists of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
A
Amino acid
14
Q
- excessive intake of fat soluble vitamins. Results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, excessive amounts in fortified food, and large intakes of fish oils
A
Hypervitaminosis
15
Q
- Stored in the fatty compartments of the body. (A, D, E, and K)
A
Fat soluble vitamins
16
Q
- are organic substances present in small amounts in foods that are essential to normal metabolism
A
Vitamins
17
Q
- vitamin C and the B complex. The body does not store water soluble vitamins; thus we need them in our daily food intake
A
Water-soluble vitamins
18
Q
- wavelike muscular contractions
A
Peristalsis
19
Q
- protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions
A
Enzymes
20
Q
- when the daily requirement of a mineral is less than 100mg
A
Trace elements
21
Q
- when the daily requirement for a mineral is 100mg or more
A
Macrominerals
22
Q
- are inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions
A
Minerals
23
Q
- when food is turned into an acidic, liquified mass after leaving the stomach and entering the duodenum
A
Chyme
24
Q
- oxidized fatty acids that are stored in the liver and muscle tissue for energy
A
Ketones
25
- the breakdown of biochemical substances into simpler substances and occurs during physiological states of negative nitrogen balance
Catabolism
26
- the building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of its nutrients
Anabolism
27
- refers to all of the biochemical reactions within the cells of the body
Metabolism
28
- catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water
Glycogenolysis
29
- reference daily intakes and daily reference values found on food labels
Daily values
30
- present evidence based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group
DIetary reference intakes (DRI)
31
- catabolism of amino acids and glycerol into glucose for energy
Gluconeogenesis
32
- anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage
Glycogenesis
33
- fear of weight gain leading to restricting of daily intake requirements leading to loss of weight
Anorexia nervosa
34
- lack of essential nutrients
Malnutrition
35
- consumption of a diet consisting primarily of plant foods
Vegetarianism
36
- recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by self induced vomiting or excessive exercise, use of diuretics, laxatives, or strict dieting
Bulimia nervosa
37
- measurement system for the size and makeup of the body
Anthropometry
38
- provides an estimate of what a person should weigh
Ideal body weight (IBW)
39
- measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height/ weight relationships
Body mass index (BMI)
40
- provides nutrients to the GI tract
Enteral nutrition (EN)
41
- difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
42
- a form of specialized nutrition support provided intravenously
Parenteral nutrition (PN)
43
- soybean or safflower oil based solutions that are isotonic and may be infused with amino acid and dextrose solution through central or peripheral lines
Intravenous fat emulsions
44
- the use of specific nutritional therapies to treat an illness, injury, or condition
Medical nutrition therapy (MNT)
45
- unable to absorb certain nutrients
Malabsorption
46
- measures the total surface area of the body and is used to calculate drug dosages and medical indicators or assessments
BSA
47
- decrease bowel output
Water soluble fibers
48
- increase bowel output
Water insoluble fibers
49
________ = 1lb
500ml
