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Pharmacology > Exam 3 Drugs Upper GI > Flashcards

Exam 3 Drugs Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

What do Antacids do

A

To neutralize or reduce acidity of stomach and duodenal contents (helps raise the pH of the stomach).

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2
Q

Antacid uses

A

Heartburn
Acid indigestion
Peptic ulcer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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3
Q

Examples of Antacids

A 
aluminum hydroxide 
magnesium hydroxide 
magaldrate
magnesium oxide 
calcium carbonate
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4
Q

Magnesium and Sodium containing antacids can result in a

A

Laxative effect = diarrhea

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5
Q

Aluminum and Calcium containing antacids can result in

A

constipation

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6
Q

Calcium containing antacids higher incidents of

A

renal failure and kidney stone formation

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7
Q

Contraindication

A

In severe abdominal pain of unknown cause

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8
Q

Contraindication in Sodium containing antacids = contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular diseases

A

cardiovascular diseases

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9
Q

Calcium containing antacids=contraindicated in patients with

A

renal calculi and hypercalcemia

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10
Q

Interaction with Antacids

A
  1. Other oral drugs should not be administered with antacids.
  2. Give the antacid one hour before or two hours after other medications.
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11
Q

Antacids increase gastric PH and

A

decrease in absorption of weak acidic drugs

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12
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonists do what?

A

Inhibit the action of histamine at the H2 receptor cells of the stomach

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13
Q

By Inhibiting the action of histamine at the H2 receptor cells of the stomach what is happening in the stomach

A

Reduces secretion of gastric acid

Allows ulcerated areas to heal

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14
Q

Examples of Histamine H2 Antagonists

A

cimetidine
ranitidine
famotidine

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15
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonists Uses

A

Treatment of peptic or duodenal ulcer

Excessive secretion of HCL and GERD

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16
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonists Reactions

A

Mild transient diarrhea

May cause confusion and disorientation in older adults (mainly Cimetidine (Tagamet)).

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17
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors treat what?

A

acid-related disorders

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18
Q

_________ is more powerful than the H2 antagonists.

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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19
Q

Currently indicated for first line therapy for erosive esophagitis, symptomatic GERD that is unresponsive to other treatment, and short term treatment for active duodenal ulcers and active benign gastric ulcers, and NSAID-induced ulcers.

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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20
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Contraindicated only if

A

known hypersensitivity

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21
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Generally well tolerated, may predispose the patient to GI tract infections due to

A

overuse of the medications.

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22
Q

Give Proton Pump Inhibitors _______ minutes before other _______ to avoid __________.

A

Give 30 minutes before other drugs to avoid interactions.

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23
Q

H. Pylori is a

A

Organism associated with chronic gastritis and large number of cases of peptic and duodenal ulcer

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24
Q

H. Pylori is Treat with triple drug regimen tell me what it is.

A

2 antibiotics

1 antisecretory drug (Prevacid, Prilosec, Aciphex, Nexium

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25
Q

Miscellaneous Acid Reducers Cholinergic Blocking Drugs

A
  1. Reduces gastric motility and decreases the amount of acid secreted by the stomach
  2. Have been replaced by the H2 antagonist because they have fewer side effects
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26
Q

Examples of Cholinergic Blocking Drugs

A

Propantheline

Glycopyrrolate

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27
Q

Miscellaneous Drugs Pepsin Inhibitors what do they do

A

Binds with protein molecules to form a substance that buffers acid and protects the stomach lining

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28
Q

Pepsin Inhibitors are used in long or short term treatments and what do they treat.

A

Used in short term treatments of duodenal ulcers

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29
Q

Most common adverse reaction of Pepsin Inhibitors

A

Constipation

30
Q

Example of Pepsin Inhibitor

A

Sucralfate

31
Q

Miscellaneous Drugs Prostaglandin Drug

what does it do

A

Inhibits the production of gastric acid and has mucosal protective properties

32
Q

Prostaglandin is used to

A

reduce the risk of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers

33
Q

Most common reaction of prostaglandin

A

headache, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain

34
Q

Example of a prostaglandin

A

Misoprostol

35
Q

Gastrointestinal Stimulants treat

A

delayed gastric emptying and emesis

36
Q

What do gastrointestinal stimulants do

A

Increase the motility of the upper GI tract

Does not increase the production of stomach secretions

37
Q

Gastrointestional stimulants are mainly used for:

A

GERD and Gastric stasis

38
Q

Main adverse reactions of Gastrointestional Stimulants

A

Restlessness, drowsiness, dizziness, itching, and difficulty breathing.

39
Q

Examples of Gastrointestional stimulants

A

Metoclopramide

Dexpanthenol

40
Q

Antiemetic is used to

A

treat or prevent nausea or vomiting

41
Q

Antivertigo is used to

A

to treat or prevent vertigo

42
Q

Vertigo S/S

A

feeling of spinning
motion sickness
Middle, inner ear problem

43
Q

Vomiting is

A

stimulation of Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)

Impulse sent to vomiting center in Medulla

44
Q

Action of Drugs for Anti-vertigo

A
  1. Inhibit CTZ = decreases vomiting/nausea

2. Depressing sensitivity of vestibular nerve in the inner ear = decreases vertigo

45
Q

Uses for Antiemetics

A

Prevent or treat nausea and vomiting

46
Q

Situations for use to Antiemetics

A
  1. Antiemetic before surgery to prevent vomiting in post operative period when recovering from anesthesia
  2. In conjunction with Cancer drugs to prevent vomiting
  3. In conjunction with radiation therapy
  4. Used with narcotics to prevent nausea that may be associated with admin of narcotic
47
Q

Use of Antiemetic Drugs

A

To treat vertigo, motion sickness

48
Q

Antiemetic Drugs Treat nausea/vomiting associated with:

A

Sickness
Medical disorders
Medication side effects
Preoperatively

49
Q

Adverse Reactions of Antiemetic drugs

A
  1. Most common = drowsiness and sedation.
  2. Does directly affect the CNS and causes a depressant effect.
  3. Hypotension
  4. Respiratory depression
50
Q

Precautions of Antiemetic drugs

A
  1. Causes of severe nausea and vomiting should not be treated with antiemetic meds alone – cause should be investigated
  2. Antiemetic medications can cause other medical disorders to go undiagnosed
51
Q

Interactions of Anti-emetic drugs

A 
Additive action with alcohol and CNS depressants
Sedatives
Hypnotics
Antianxiety
opiates
52
Q

Examples of Meds Antiemetic

A

Phenergan
Tigan
Zofran

53
Q

Examples of Meds Antivertigo

A

Antivert

Dramamine

54
Q

Nursing Process Anti-emetic

A
  1. Document amount of vomiting
  2. Intake and Output
  3. Patient may be NPO and on IV fluids until nausea subsides and able to tolerate PO
  4. Vital signs
  5. With prolonged vomiting = daily weights
  6. Monitor effectiveness of medications
55
Q

Goal of antiemetics

A

Manage Symptoms

56
Q

Goals and Interventions Interventions

A 
Observe s/s of dehydration
(poor skin turgor, dry mucous membrane, decrease U/O
Encourage sips of water
Provide emesis basis
Change clothing, refresh patient
Measure I&O
S/S of electrolyte imbalance
57
Q

Goals and Interventions to Goals and Interventions

A

Assist with ambulation
Instruct patient to ask for assistance
Side rail up for elderly or confused

58
Q

Patient Education

A

Drowsiness with use
Avoid driving
Avoid use with alcohol

59
Q

Motion Sickness = take ___ hour before travel

A

1

60
Q

Before anatineoplastic therapy

A

As ordered

61
Q

How long before chemo treatment

A

30 min-1 hr before

62
Q

Nursing Evaluation

A

Nausea and Vomiting controlled
No fluid volume deficit
Patient is injury free
Patient verbalizes compliance with prescribed treatment regimen.

63
Q

What do Emetics

A

Drug that induces vomiting

64
Q

How do emetics induce vomiting

A

Stimulates vomiting center in medulla

65
Q

Emetics Uses

A

to empty stomach rapidly when there is accidental or intentional ingestion of poison or drug overdose

66
Q

Contraindicated emetics

A

Unconscious, semiconscious

After ingesting corrosive substance such as strong acid

67
Q

Example of emetics

A

Syrup of ipecac

68
Q

For emetics you need to watch

A

Airway, risk of aspiration

69
Q

To prevent aspiration how should you lay the patient

A

Position patient on side

70
Q

Do not give when ingestion of

A

corrosive substance or petroleum substance (paint thinner, kerosene) has been ingested

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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