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Pharmacology > Exam 3 Drugs Upper GI > Flashcards

Exam 3 Drugs Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

What do Antacids do

A

To neutralize or reduce acidity of stomach and duodenal contents (helps raise the pH of the stomach).

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2
Q

Antacid uses

A

Heartburn
Acid indigestion
Peptic ulcer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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3
Q

Examples of Antacids

A 
aluminum hydroxide 
magnesium hydroxide 
magaldrate
magnesium oxide 
calcium carbonate
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4
Q

Magnesium and Sodium containing antacids can result in a

A

Laxative effect = diarrhea

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5
Q

Aluminum and Calcium containing antacids can result in

A

constipation

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6
Q

Calcium containing antacids higher incidents of

A

renal failure and kidney stone formation

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7
Q

Contraindication

A

In severe abdominal pain of unknown cause

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8
Q

Contraindication in Sodium containing antacids = contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular diseases

A

cardiovascular diseases

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9
Q

Calcium containing antacids=contraindicated in patients with

A

renal calculi and hypercalcemia

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10
Q

Interaction with Antacids

A
  1. Other oral drugs should not be administered with antacids.
  2. Give the antacid one hour before or two hours after other medications.
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11
Q

Antacids increase gastric PH and

A

decrease in absorption of weak acidic drugs

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12
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonists do what?

A

Inhibit the action of histamine at the H2 receptor cells of the stomach

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13
Q

By Inhibiting the action of histamine at the H2 receptor cells of the stomach what is happening in the stomach

A

Reduces secretion of gastric acid

Allows ulcerated areas to heal

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14
Q

Examples of Histamine H2 Antagonists

A

cimetidine
ranitidine
famotidine

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15
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonists Uses

A

Treatment of peptic or duodenal ulcer

Excessive secretion of HCL and GERD

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16
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonists Reactions

A

Mild transient diarrhea

May cause confusion and disorientation in older adults (mainly Cimetidine (Tagamet)).

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17
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors treat what?

A

acid-related disorders

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18
Q

_________ is more powerful than the H2 antagonists.

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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19
Q

Currently indicated for first line therapy for erosive esophagitis, symptomatic GERD that is unresponsive to other treatment, and short term treatment for active duodenal ulcers and active benign gastric ulcers, and NSAID-induced ulcers.

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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20
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Contraindicated only if

A

known hypersensitivity

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21
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors Generally well tolerated, may predispose the patient to GI tract infections due to

A

overuse of the medications.

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22
Q

Give Proton Pump Inhibitors _______ minutes before other _______ to avoid __________.

A

Give 30 minutes before other drugs to avoid interactions.

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23
Q

H. Pylori is a

A

Organism associated with chronic gastritis and large number of cases of peptic and duodenal ulcer

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24
Q

H. Pylori is Treat with triple drug regimen tell me what it is.

A

2 antibiotics

1 antisecretory drug (Prevacid, Prilosec, Aciphex, Nexium

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25
Miscellaneous Acid Reducers Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
1. Reduces gastric motility and decreases the amount of acid secreted by the stomach 2. Have been replaced by the H2 antagonist because they have fewer side effects
26
Examples of Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
Propantheline | Glycopyrrolate
27
Miscellaneous Drugs Pepsin Inhibitors what do they do
Binds with protein molecules to form a substance that buffers acid and protects the stomach lining
28
Pepsin Inhibitors are used in long or short term treatments and what do they treat.
Used in short term treatments of duodenal ulcers
29
Most common adverse reaction of Pepsin Inhibitors
Constipation
30
Example of Pepsin Inhibitor
Sucralfate
31
Miscellaneous Drugs Prostaglandin Drug | what does it do
Inhibits the production of gastric acid and has mucosal protective properties
32
Prostaglandin is used to
reduce the risk of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
33
Most common reaction of prostaglandin
headache, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
34
Example of a prostaglandin
Misoprostol
35
Gastrointestinal Stimulants treat
delayed gastric emptying and emesis
36
What do gastrointestinal stimulants do
Increase the motility of the upper GI tract | Does not increase the production of stomach secretions
37
Gastrointestional stimulants are mainly used for:
GERD and Gastric stasis
38
Main adverse reactions of Gastrointestional Stimulants
Restlessness, drowsiness, dizziness, itching, and difficulty breathing.
39
Examples of Gastrointestional stimulants
Metoclopramide | Dexpanthenol
40
Antiemetic is used to
treat or prevent nausea or vomiting
41
Antivertigo is used to
to treat or prevent vertigo
42
Vertigo S/S
feeling of spinning motion sickness Middle, inner ear problem
43
Vomiting is
stimulation of Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) | Impulse sent to vomiting center in Medulla
44
Action of Drugs for Anti-vertigo
1. Inhibit CTZ = decreases vomiting/nausea | 2. Depressing sensitivity of vestibular nerve in the inner ear = decreases vertigo
45
Uses for Antiemetics
Prevent or treat nausea and vomiting
46
Situations for use to Antiemetics
1. Antiemetic before surgery to prevent vomiting in post operative period when recovering from anesthesia 2. In conjunction with Cancer drugs to prevent vomiting 3. In conjunction with radiation therapy 4. Used with narcotics to prevent nausea that may be associated with admin of narcotic
47
Use of Antiemetic Drugs
To treat vertigo, motion sickness
48
Antiemetic Drugs Treat nausea/vomiting associated with:
Sickness Medical disorders Medication side effects Preoperatively
49
Adverse Reactions of Antiemetic drugs
1. Most common = drowsiness and sedation. 2. Does directly affect the CNS and causes a depressant effect. 3. Hypotension 4. Respiratory depression
50
Precautions of Antiemetic drugs
1. Causes of severe nausea and vomiting should not be treated with antiemetic meds alone – cause should be investigated 2. Antiemetic medications can cause other medical disorders to go undiagnosed
51
Interactions of Anti-emetic drugs
``` Additive action with alcohol and CNS depressants Sedatives Hypnotics Antianxiety opiates ```
52
Examples of Meds Antiemetic
Phenergan Tigan Zofran
53
Examples of Meds Antivertigo
Antivert | Dramamine
54
Nursing Process Anti-emetic
1. Document amount of vomiting 2. Intake and Output 3. Patient may be NPO and on IV fluids until nausea subsides and able to tolerate PO 4. Vital signs 5. With prolonged vomiting = daily weights 6. Monitor effectiveness of medications
55
Goal of antiemetics
Manage Symptoms
56
Goals and Interventions Interventions
``` Observe s/s of dehydration (poor skin turgor, dry mucous membrane, decrease U/O Encourage sips of water Provide emesis basis Change clothing, refresh patient Measure I&O S/S of electrolyte imbalance ```
57
Goals and Interventions to Goals and Interventions
Assist with ambulation Instruct patient to ask for assistance Side rail up for elderly or confused
58
Patient Education
Drowsiness with use Avoid driving Avoid use with alcohol
59
Motion Sickness = take ___ hour before travel
1
60
Before anatineoplastic therapy
As ordered
61
How long before chemo treatment
30 min-1 hr before
62
Nursing Evaluation
Nausea and Vomiting controlled No fluid volume deficit Patient is injury free Patient verbalizes compliance with prescribed treatment regimen.
63
What do Emetics
Drug that induces vomiting
64
How do emetics induce vomiting
Stimulates vomiting center in medulla
65
Emetics Uses
to empty stomach rapidly when there is accidental or intentional ingestion of poison or drug overdose
66
Contraindicated emetics
Unconscious, semiconscious | After ingesting corrosive substance such as strong acid
67
Example of emetics
Syrup of ipecac
68
For emetics you need to watch
Airway, risk of aspiration
69
To prevent aspiration how should you lay the patient
Position patient on side
70
Do not give when ingestion of
corrosive substance or petroleum substance (paint thinner, kerosene) has been ingested

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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