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Organ Histo > Exam 3: Digestive System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Masticatory mucosa is found on

A

Gingiva and hard palate

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2
Q

Surface epi of oral mucosa

A

Keratinized/parakeratinized strat squamous

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3
Q

Superficial cells of parakeratinized strat squamous epi keep their

A

Nuclei

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4
Q

Lamina propria of oral mucosa made up of 2 layers

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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5
Q

Surface epi of lining mucosa

A

Strat squamous

**occasionally parakeratinized

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6
Q

Epithelium of vermillion zone of lips

A

Keratinized strat squamous

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7
Q

Submucosa of lining mucosa in oral cavity made up of

A

Dense CT

Can have glands, BV and nerves

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8
Q

Specialized mucosa is found on

A

Dorsal surface of tongue

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9
Q

Keratinized strat squamous epi is found on ___ papilla

A

Filiform

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10
Q

Strat squamous epi is found on ____ papilla

A

All other (except filiform)

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11
Q

General functions of specialized mucosa

A

Move food

Taste

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12
Q

Mucosa of the tongue is thicker ____ and thinner/smoother on _____

A

Dorsally; lower surface

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13
Q

Small salivary glands are associated w/

A

Vallate papilla

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14
Q

Function of small salivary glands

A

Produce serous fluid to cleanse tastebuds

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15
Q

Taste buds are located on all papilla except

A

Filiform papilla

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16
Q

Submucosa of tongue contains

A

Lingual salivary glands

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17
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles have no ____ and are _____ muscles

A

External attachment; skeletal

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18
Q

4 alternating intrinsic tongue muscles from top to bottom

A

Superior longitudinal
Vertical muscles alternate w/ transverse
Inferior longitudinal

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19
Q

Function of intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Change tongue shape

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20
Q

Ameloblasts are polarized ____ cells

A

Columnar

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21
Q

You lose ameloblasts following

A

Tooth eruption

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22
Q

Function of ameloblasts

A

Produce enamel

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23
Q

Hardest substance in the body

A

Enamel

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24
Q

After tooth eruption, you cannot make more ___

A

Enamel

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25
Q

___ is harder than bone

A

Dentin

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26
Q

Dentin contains thin dentinal tubules w/ nerves and cell processes of

A

Odontoblasts

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27
Q

Precursor to dentin before mineralization

A

Perdentin

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28
Q

Columnar cells lining pulp cavity

A

Odontoblast

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29
Q

Function of odontoblasts

A

Repair

Produce/maintain dentin

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30
Q

Dental papilla AKA

A

Dental pulp

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31
Q

Dental papilla is CT w/ many

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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32
Q

Potential problem w/ dental papilla

A

Extensive inflammation

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33
Q

Largest salivary gland that only produces about 30% of total salivary output

A

Parotid gland

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34
Q

Gland most affected by the mumps

A

Parotid gland

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35
Q

Parotid gland is 100% ___ producing

A

Serous

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36
Q

Parotid gland products secreted

A

Salivary amylase
Lysozyme
Sec IgA

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37
Q

Function of salivary amylase

A

Break down carbs

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38
Q

Submandibular gland produces ___% of total salivary output

A

60%

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39
Q

Submandibular gland is a ___ gland, producing ___ and ___

A

Mixed gland; Mucus and serous products

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40
Q

Sublingual gland produces ___ of total salivary output

A

5%

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41
Q

Sublingual gland is a ___ gland, producing ____ and ____ products

A

Mixed; mucus and serous products

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42
Q

Sublingual gland is ___% mucus producing

A

80%

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43
Q

Para impulses increase the amount of ___ secretion from salivary glands

A

Watery

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44
Q

Sympathetic impulses decrease the amount of a saliva with a ____ consistency

A

Thicker

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45
Q

Submucosa of gut luminal walls includes ____ plexus

A

Submucosal (Meissner)

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46
Q

Muscularis externa of gut luminal wall contains ___ plexus

A

Myenteric

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47
Q

Surface epi of esophagus

A

Strat squamous

Contains Langerhans cells

48
Q

Lamina propria of esophagus can have

A

Esophageal cardiac glands

49
Q

Function of esophageal cardiac glands

A

Produce neutral mucus to protect esophageal epi

50
Q

Location of esophageal cardiac glands in esophagus

A 
First inch (by pharynx)
Last inch (by stomach)
51
Q

Muscularis mucosa in esophagus is a ___ layer of long smooth muscle

A

Discontinuous

52
Q

Submucosa of esophagus contains

A

Esophageal (proper) glands

53
Q

Function of esophageal glands

A

Produce mucus to lubricate passage of food

54
Q

Muscularis externa of esophagus

A

Upper 1/3 = skeletal
Middle 1/3 = mixed
Lower 1/3 = smooth

55
Q

Adventitia/serosa of esophagus: primarily ___ except the last ____

A

Adventitia; last 1-2 inches = serosa

56
Q

Pharyngoesophageal sphincter is between

A

Oropharynx and esophagus

57
Q

Gastroesophageal sphincter is between

A

Esophagus and stomach

58
Q

For physiological sphincter there is no thickening of

A

Circular muscle in ME

59
Q

Barrett’s esophagus: strat squamous epi is replaced by

A

Mucus-secreting simple columnar epi

60
Q

Primary function of stomach

A

Food storage

61
Q

Nutrient breakdown in stomach is primarily ___

A

Chemical

Little physical

62
Q

Gastric pits

A

Depressions in stomach’s surface

1 pit leads to >1 gland

63
Q

Surface epi of stomach

A

Simple columnar

64
Q

Functions of surface mucus in stomach mucosa

A

Produce thick mucus

Secrete bicarb ions

65
Q

Muscularis mucosa in stomach often has 3 layers

A
  1. Inner circular
  2. Outer longitudinal
  3. Outermost circular/oblique
66
Q

Submucosa of stomach is the location of AVA which functions to

A

Shut down activity and secretion FAST

67
Q

Submucosal plexus in stomach is next to ____ layer of muscle

A

Inner circular

68
Q

Muscularis externa of stomach has 3 layers

A
  1. Innermost oblique
  2. Middle circular (well-developed)
  3. Outer long. (Thin)
69
Q

Myenteric plexus in stomach is between

A

Circular and long. Layers of musclularis externa

70
Q

Layer outside of muscularis in stomach is all ____

A

Serosa (no adventitia)

71
Q

Gastric region of stomach contains gastric glands which extend from

A

Gastric pit to MM

72
Q

Surface mucus in isthmus of gastric gland function

A

Protect from acids and enzymes

73
Q

DNES cells in gastric gland

A

Type D
Type EC
Type G

74
Q

Type D DNES cells in gastric gland

A

Produces Somatostatin

75
Q

Type EC DNES cells in gastric gland

A

Produces serotonin and substance P

76
Q

Type G DNES cells in gastric gland

A

Produce gastrin: stims HCl and pepsinogen secretion

77
Q

Parietal cells in the neck of gastric gland produce

A 
Very strong HCl
Intrinsic factor (B12 absorption)
78
Q

Chief cells in gastric glands produce

A

Pepsinogen (primarily)

Gastric lipase

79
Q

Pyloric sphincter is an ___ sphincter between the

A

Anatomical; pylorus and duodenum

80
Q

Anatomical sphincters have a well developed _____ that can be ________

A

Inner circular layer; independently controlled

81
Q

2 general causes of peptic ulcer disease

A

Insufficient protection

Helicobacter pylori

82
Q

Some factors that delay healing of peptic ulcer disease

A 
Smoking
Alcohol
Caffeine
Calcium
Aspirin
83
Q

2 surface adaptations in SI to inc surface area

A

Plicae circulares
Villi
Microvilli

84
Q

Surface epi of SI

A

Simple columnar

85
Q

Main function of surface absorptive cells in SI

A

Absorb water and nutrients

86
Q

Goblet cells in SI the fewest are in the ___, most in the ____

A

Duodenum; ileum

87
Q

Type I DNES cells in SI

A

Produce CCK — stim gallbladder and pancreas secretion from serous acini

88
Q

Type S DNES cells in SI produces secretin which

A

Stims pancreas secretion of bicarb

Inhibits HCl release and chyme movement

89
Q

Paneth cells in SI are found at ______ and they produce _____

A

Bases of crypts; lysozyme

90
Q

M cells in SI are found in

A

Ileum epi over Peyer’s patches

91
Q

General function of M cells =

A

Humoral immunity

Important in maintaining gut flora

92
Q

LP of SI contain lacteals which are ____ that function in _____

A

Lymphatic capillaries; lipid absorption

93
Q

Duodenum contains ____ glands which produce _____

A

Duodenal/Brunner’s; alkaline mucus

94
Q

Significance of each part of SI

A 
Duodenum = Brunner’s glands
Jejunum = nothing
Ileum = Peyer’s patches
95
Q

Peyer’s patches are only found in

96
Q

Function of myenteric plexus in SI

A

Stim ME for peristalsis

97
Q

Serosa is found covering which parts of SI

A

Jejunum and ileum, 1st and last parts of duodenum

98
Q

Adventitia is found covering which parts of SI

A

Descending portion of duodenum

99
Q

Ileocecal valve is found between _____ and is a _____ sphincter

A

Ileum and cecum of colon; physiological and anatomical sphincter

100
Q

Appendix surface epi

A

Simple columnar

101
Q

Mucosa characteristics in appendix

A

Short crypts
No villi
No Paneth cells

102
Q

Submucosa of appendix contains numerous

A

Lymph nodules

103
Q

Functions of appendix

A

Humoral immunity

Reservoir for good bacteria

104
Q

Primary function of colon

A

Absorption of water

105
Q

Surface epi of colon

A

Simple columnar w/ many goblets

106
Q

Mucosa of colon lacks

A

Villi

Paneth

107
Q

Muscularis externa of colon is not normal pattern:

A

Outer longitudinal ms in bands called teniae coli

108
Q

Constant tonus of teniae coli results in

109
Q

All parts of colon have ____ adventitia/serosa

A

Mixed

Some adventitia, mostly serosa

110
Q

Surface epi of rectum

A

Simple columnar

111
Q

Notable features of rectum

A

Transverse rectal folds
No teniae coli
Adventitia

112
Q

Covering of rectum is

A

Adventitia

113
Q

Surface epi of anal canal

A

Strat squamous

Simple columnar quickly transitions

114
Q

Internal anal sphincter is a thick circular layer of ____ within ____

A

Smooth muscle; ME

115
Q

External anal sphincter contains

A

Levator ani

116
Q

External anal sphincter is ___ muscle from ____

A

Striated; pelvic floor

117
Q

Luminal wall covering of anal canal

A

Adventitia

Organ Histo (9 decks)

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