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Organ Histo > Exam 2: Respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 2: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of respiratory portion of respiratory system

A

Oxygen and CO2 exchange

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2
Q

Functions of conducting portion of respiratory system

A

Olfaction
Phonation
Provide defense
Condition air

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3
Q

3 parts of filtration system

A

Large particle
Medium particle
Small particle

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4
Q

Conducting portion

A

Transports air to respiratory portion

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5
Q

Vestibule surface epi

A

Keratinized strat squamous

Respiratory

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6
Q

Glands in vestibule

A

Sebaceous

Sweat

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7
Q

Vibrissae in vestibule acts as a

A

Large particle filter

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8
Q

Respiratory region of nasal cavity is between

A

Limen nasi and sup/middle concha

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9
Q

Functions of respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Warm, clean, humidify air

Provide defense

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10
Q

Surface epi of respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Respiratory

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11
Q

Mucociliary apparatus is made up of ____ and acts as ____

A

Goblets and ciliated columnar cells

Medium particle filter

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12
Q

Glands are found in ____ of respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Lamina propria

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13
Q

Seromucous glands mucus portion contributes to

A

Mucociliary clearance

Air humidity

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14
Q

Serous part of seromucous glands produces

A

Lyxozyme
Interferons
Cytokines
Air humidity

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15
Q

Serous products acts as

A

Small particle filter

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16
Q

Also in the LP, ____ made up of many large venules (partially filled)

A

Cavernous plexus

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17
Q

Functions of cavernous plexus

A

Warm, humidify air

Provide defense

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18
Q

Increased blood flow causes venules and LP to ____ which causes lumen size to ____ which causes ____

A

Increase; decrease; stuffy nose

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19
Q

Increased blood blow causes O2 to ___ which will stimulate ____ which causes ____

A

Inc; seromucous gland secretion; runny nose

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20
Q

Olfactory region of nasal cavity surface epi

A

Olfactory epi

Supporting and basal cells
Olfactory neurons

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21
Q

Olfactory glands product a serous product to

A

Cleanse olfactory cilia

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22
Q

Epi of paranasal sinuses

A

Respiratory epi

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23
Q

Lamina propria of paranasal sinuses

A

Thin
Contains seromucous glands
Vascular

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24
Q

If small sinuses, LP swells then sinuses become ___ and _____ can occur

A

Blocked; sinus infection

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25
Q

3 subdivisions of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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26
Q

Surface epi of nasopharynx

A

Respiratory

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27
Q

Surface epi of oro and laryngopharynx

A

Strat squamous

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28
Q

Nasopharynx has ____ tonsils

A

Pharyngeal

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29
Q

Oropharynx has _____ tonsils

A

Palatine and lingual

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30
Q

Laryngopharynx has __ tonsils

A

NO

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31
Q

Muscularis mucosae in pharynx

A

NONE

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32
Q

Submucosa of pharynx AKA

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

Collagen of occiput blends into wall of pharynx

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33
Q

Muscualaris externa of pharynx is all ___ muscle

A

Skeletal

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34
Q

Muscularis externa of pharynx has a ____ pattern

A

Reversed

Inner long
Outer circular

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35
Q

Adventitia of pharynx AKA

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Epimysium of buccinator blends into adventitia of pharynx

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36
Q

Surface epi of larynx

A

Strat squamous (upper), transition to respiratory

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37
Q

LP of larynx

A

Looser CT w/ seromucous glands

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38
Q

Functions of cartilages in larynx

A

Maintain open airway

Aid sound production

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39
Q

Hyaline cartilage makes up

A

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Inferior arytenoid cartilage

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40
Q

Elastic cartilage makes up

A

Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Superior arytenoid cartilage
Epiglottis

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41
Q

Function of epiglottis

A

Keep food/liquid out of larynx

42
Q

Surface epi of epiglottis

A 
Upper = strat squamous
Under = respiratory
43
Q

Vestibular folds surface epi

A

Respiratory epi

44
Q

Vestibular folds LP

A

Loose CT
Seromucous glands
Lymph nodules

45
Q

Laryngeal ventricle surface epi

A

Strat squamous

46
Q

Vocal folds surface epi and function

A

Strat squamous

Protect from abrasion/drying

47
Q

LP of vocal folds and function

A

Dense regular bundles of elastic CT

Support free edge of vocal fold

48
Q

Vocalis muscle

A

Striated muscle

Deep to mucosa of larynx

49
Q

Surface epi of trachea

A

Respiratory epi

50
Q

Cells of respiratory epi of trachea

A 
Goblet = 30%
Ciliated columnar = 30%
Basal = 30%
Brush cells = 3%
Serous cells = 3%
DNES cells = 3-4%
51
Q

Function of brush cells in trachea

A

Chemosensory — monitor air quality

52
Q

Function of serous cells in trachea

A

Secrete product into lumen (product unknown)

53
Q

DNES — diffuse neuroendocrine cells function

A

Secrete in LP

54
Q

LP of trachea

A

Loose CT w/ seromucous glands

Quite vascular

55
Q

Muscularis mucosa in trachea

A

NONE

56
Q

Submucosa of trachea contains ____ that blends with ___

A

Hyaline cartilage C ring; LP

57
Q

Muscularis externa in trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

58
Q

Adventitia in trachea is

A

CT

59
Q

Extrapulmonary bronchi is structurally similar to

A

Trachea

60
Q

Bronchi have more

A

Smooth muscle

Elastic CT

61
Q

Bronchi have decreased amounts of

A

Cartilage
# of glands and goblet cells
Height of epi

62
Q

Extrapulmonary bronchi includes

A

Primary bronchi

63
Q

Intrapulmonary bronchi includes

A

Lobar and segmental bronchi

64
Q

Bronchioles are characterized by

A

No cartilage or seromucous glands

Complete layer of sm ms

65
Q

Epi of bronchioles

A

Ciliated columnar w/ some goblets and clara cells

66
Q

Clara cells have short ___

A

Microvilli

67
Q

Clara cells are _____ in surface epi of brochioles

A

Secretory cells

68
Q

Clara cells secrete ____ and produce ____

A

Lyxozyme; surfactant-type material

69
Q

Clara cells regenerate

A

Bronchiolar epi

70
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

Last part of conducting portion of respiratory system

71
Q

Epi of terminal bronchioles

A

Ciliated simple columnar/cuboidal w/ clara cells

72
Q

LP of terminal bronchioles

A

Fibroelastic CT

73
Q

Respiratory bronchioles are the first region of

A

Respiratory portion of respiratory system

74
Q

Epi of respiratory bronchioles

A

Simple cuboidal epi w/ clara cells and cilia

75
Q

Epi of respiratory bronchioles has some _____ therefore ____ is possible

A

Simple squamous; gas exchange

76
Q

Function of alveolar ducts

A

Gas exchange

77
Q

Function of alveolar sacs

A

Gas exchange

78
Q

Function of alveoli

A

Gas exchange

79
Q

MC cell types in alveoli

A

Alveolar type I
Alveolar type II
Alveolar macrophage

80
Q

Alveolar type I make up about ___% of alveolar surface

A

95

81
Q

Alveolar type I is made up of squamous type cells w/

A

Zonula occludens

82
Q

Functions of alveolar type I

A

Gas exchange

83
Q

Alveolar type II pneumocyte makes up about ___% of alveolar surface

A

5%

84
Q

Alveolar type II cells are ___ shape

A

Cuboidal

85
Q

General functions of alveolar type II cells

A

Stem cell for alveolar cells
Produce pulmonary surfactant
Produce lysozyme

86
Q

Alveolar macrophages develop from

A

Monocytes

87
Q

General function of alveolar macrophage

A

Clean septal walls using phagocytosis

Produce lysozyme

88
Q

Interalveolar septum parts

A

Alveolar type I/II cells
Continuous capillary
Basal lamin
Little CT w/ lots of elastic fibers

89
Q

Blood-gas barrier is a region where

A

O2 and CO2 pass btw air and blood

90
Q

Parts of blood-gas barrier

A

Pulmonary surfactant
Alveolar type I cell
Fused basal lamina
Endo cells of capillary

91
Q

Fused basal lamina is shared btw

A

Alveolar type I cell

Endo cell of capillary

92
Q

Blood gas barrier is the minimum _______that allows for most efficient gas exchange

A

Diffusion distance/barrier

93
Q

Respiratory distress of newborn caused by

A

Too few mature alveolar type II cells

94
Q

Emphysema is caused by

A

Dec in elastin — dec alveolar elasticity

Reduced surface for gas exchange

95
Q

Inflamm attracts macrophages and neutrophils which secrete

A

Elastase

96
Q

Alpha 1 antitrypsin is a protein that protects ___ and is produced by ___

A

Elastic fibers; hepatocytes

97
Q

Chemical in cig smoke can inactivate

A

Apha 1-AT

98
Q

Genetic condition for emphysema

A

Hepatocytes produce alpha 1 AT but can’t release it

99
Q

Lung cancer: squamous cell carcinoma

A

Develops from epi in segmental bronchi

100
Q

Adenocarcinoma often develops from

A

Epi in alveoli and bronchioles

101
Q

Small cell carcinoma often develops from

A

Small granule DNES cells in bronchi

Organ Histo (9 decks)

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