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Organ Histo > Exam 1: Immune System > Flashcards

Exam 1: Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms of protection

A

Surface protection
Acute inflamm
Immune response

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2
Q

2 main types of adaptive immunity

A

Humoral and cell mediated

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3
Q

Humoral immunity is mediated by

A

B cells and plasma cells w/ T cell involvement

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4
Q

Humoral immunity involves

A

Ab production

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5
Q

Cell mediated immunity is mediated by

A

T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic response

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6
Q

General components of immune system

A

Diffuse lymphatics

Lymphatic organs

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7
Q

Primary lymphoid organs provide environment where

A

Lymphocytes become immunocompetent

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8
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs provide environment where

A

Lymphocytes contact foreign antigens

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9
Q

MALT

A

Mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue

GI, respiratory and urogenital tracts

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10
Q

2 categories of MALT

A

GALT (gut associated)

BALT (bronchial associated)

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11
Q

Tonsils w/ epithelial folds (pleated tonsils)

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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12
Q

When inflamed pharyngeal tonsils are called

A

Adenoids

Block auditory tuber — ear infections

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13
Q

Tonsils w/ tonsillar crypts

A 
Palatine tonsils (faucial tonsils)
Lingual tonsils
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14
Q

Palatine tonsils covered by

A

Stratified squamous epi

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15
Q

Advantages to tonsillar crypts

A

More surface area for:

  • detecting foreign antigens
  • lymph nodule formation in CT
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16
Q

Disadvantage of tonsillar crypts

A

Bacteria thrive — inflamm — tonsillitis

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17
Q

Surface epi of lingual tonsils

A

Strat squamous

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18
Q

2 major functions of lymph nodes

A 
Filter lymph (phagocytosis)
Humoral and cell-mediated immunities
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19
Q

Capsule of lymph nodes made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

Septa also

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20
Q

Both afferent and efferent lymph vessels contain

A

Valves

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21
Q

Subcapsular sinus

A

AKA marginal sinus

1st to receive afferent lymph

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22
Q

Cortical sinus passes thru

A

Cortex

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23
Q

Sinus that passes thru paracortex

A

Deep cortical sinus

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24
Q

Sinus that passes through medulla

A

Medullary sinus

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25
Q

Cells w/in regions and sinuses of lymph node are supported by

A

Reticular fibers

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26
Q

Primary cell type in cortex of lymph node

A

B lymphocyte

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27
Q

Activity in cortex

A

Phagocytosis and humoral immunity

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28
Q

Primary lymphoid nodules

A

Areas where naive B cells congregate

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29
Q

Secondary lymphoid nodule

A

Forms in response to antigen

Active B cell division

FDCs here

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30
Q

Primary cell type in paracortex

A

T lymphocyte

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31
Q

Activity in paracortex

A

Phagocytosis
Storage for T cells
Cell mediated immunity

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32
Q

HEVs

A

High endothelial venules

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33
Q

Function of HEVs

A

Facilitate passage of B/T cells into lymph node from blood

34
Q

Primary cell type in medulla of lymph node

A

Plasma cells

35
Q

Activity in medulla

A

Phagocytosis
Some cell-mediated immunity
Lots of humoral immunity

36
Q

Process of involution of thymus after puberty

A

1=septa
2= cortex
3= medulla

37
Q

Function of thymus

A

Create Immunocompetent T cells

38
Q

Thymocyte

A

T lymphoblast in thymus

39
Q

Thin capsule of thymus made up of

A

Dense irrecular CT

40
Q

Lobules in thymus have a peripheral ____ and a central ____

A

Cortex; medulla

41
Q

Microstroma is made up of

A

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs)

42
Q

Functions of TECs

A
  1. Support
  2. Secrete thymic hormones/cytokines
  3. Form thymic corpuscles
  4. Blood-thymic barrier
43
Q

Functions of thymic hormones/cytokines

A

Influence T cell maturation

44
Q

Thymic corpuscles are only in

A

Medulla

45
Q

Function of thymic corpuscles

A

Secrete cytokines to influence dendritic and T cells

46
Q

Blood-thymic barrier perivascular compartment

A

CT w/ many macrophages

To destroy foreign molecules

47
Q

Function of blood-thymic barrier

A

Prevent T cells from contacting foreign antigens

48
Q

What types of TECs present self antigens to maturing T cells

A

Type II and III

49
Q

Thymus cortex contains what cell types

A

T lymphocytes
Macrophages
TECs I, II, III

50
Q

Medulla of thymus cell types

A

Fewer but larger T cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
TEC IV, V, VI

51
Q

T lymphoblasts are produced in

A

Bone marrow

52
Q

T lymphoblasts enter thymus as

A

ImmuniINcompetent T cells

53
Q

T lymphoblasts go to cortex where they:

A

Divide, tested through positive selection process

54
Q

T cells that fail the selection process

A

Apoptosis (98%)

55
Q

T cells that survive migrate to

A

Medulla

56
Q

In the medulla the T cells go through

A

Negative selection process

57
Q

Negative selection process turns T cells into

A

Cytotoxic T and Th cells

58
Q

Mature immunocompetent T cells leave thymus in

A

Post-capillary venules or efferent lymph

59
Q

Thymus is lacking

A

Afferent lymph vessels

Reticular fibers and cells

60
Q

Hemopoietic organ in fetus

A

Spleen

61
Q

Spleen stores

A

T cells
Some WBCs and platelets
(Large # of monocytes)

62
Q

Capsule of spleen

A

Thick dense irregular CT

Has some smooth muscle (myofibroblasts)

63
Q

Trabeculae of spleen

A

Dense irregular CT

Carry BVs, lymphatics and nerves

64
Q

Cells in spleen are supported by

A

Reticular fibers

65
Q

2 areas of splenic parenchyma

A

White and red pulp

66
Q

White pulp are areas of concentrated

A

Lymphocytes

67
Q

White pulp general function

A

Immunity

68
Q

Areas of white pulp

A

Next to capsule/septa
Splenic nodules
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

69
Q

Splenic nodules

A

B cell structures
MC in children
Humoral immunity

70
Q

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)

A

Storage for T cells
Surround central arterioles
Cell-mediated immunity

71
Q

Red pulp functions

A

Rapid blood filtration

Contact w/ blood-borne antigens

72
Q

Closed circulation in red pulp

A

Capillaries connect to venous sinuses made of stave cells

73
Q

Stave cells

A

Elongated endothelial cells

74
Q

Open circulation in red pulp

A

Capillaries end abruptly

75
Q

Splenic cords contain

A 
MANY mactophages
Recitular cells
Monocytes
APCs
Plasma cells
76
Q

Splenectomy causes blood changes

A

Inc in platelets and abnormal RBCs

77
Q

Splenectomy causes increased risk of

A

Infection — bacterial septicemia

78
Q

Splenectomy causes liver to

A

Take up blood filtration

79
Q

Symptoms of mono

A

Sore throat
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes

80
Q

Virus that causes mono

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

Organ Histo (9 decks)

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