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Organ Histo > Exam 2: Circulatory System > Flashcards

Exam 2: Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory System =

A

Blood vascular system + lymphatic vascular system

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2
Q

Endocardium composed of

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Looser CT layer
  3. More dense irregular CT
  4. Subendocardial layer
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3
Q

Endocardium endothelium type

A

Simple squamous

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4
Q

Endothelium: Looser CT + more dense irregular CT

A

Subendothelium

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5
Q

Subendocardial layer contains

A

Looser CT
Blood vessels
Nerve
Most purkinje fibers

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6
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Modified cardiac myocytes

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7
Q

subendocardium Purkinje fibers characteristics

A
  1. Fewer myofibrils peripherally
  2. Stored glycogen
  3. Gap junctions and desmosomes
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8
Q

Subendocardium Purkinje fibers function

A

Conduct contraction impulse rapidly

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9
Q

Myocardium in atria

A

Less muscle

More elastic fibers

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10
Q

Myocardium in ventricle

A

More muscle

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11
Q

Intercalated discs parts

A

Transverse portion

Longitudinal portion

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12
Q

Transverse portions of intercalated discs

A

Macula adherens

Fascia adherens

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13
Q

Longitudinal portion of intercalated discs

A

Large gap junctions

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14
Q

Functions of intercalated discs

A
  1. Attach cardiac myocytes (macula adherens)
  2. Attach/stabilize myofibrils (fascia adherens)
  3. Cell-cell communication (gap junctions)
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15
Q

Specialized cardiac muscle cells

A

Myoendocrine cells

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16
Q

Myoendocrine cells secrete hormones that act on

A

Kidneys and renal arteries

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17
Q

Pericardium AKA

A

Serous pericardium

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18
Q

Epicardium AKA

A

Visceral pericardium

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19
Q

Parts of epicardium

A

Fibroelastic CT layer

Mesothelium

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20
Q

Fibroelastic CT layer of epicardium contains

A

Coronary vessels
Nerves
Sometimes adipose

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21
Q

Mesothelium of epicardium secretes

A

Serous lubricating fluid

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22
Q

Parietal pericardium parts

A

Mesothelium

Fibroelastic CT

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23
Q

Pericardial sac parts

A

Parietal pericardium

Fibrous pericardium

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24
Q

Fibrous pericardium contains lots of

A

Collagen I

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25
Q

Pericardial cavity is between

A

Parietal and visceral pericardium

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26
Q

Valve histology: endothelium w/

A

Dense irregular CT

**almost avascular

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27
Q

Cardiac skeleton made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

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28
Q

3 main components of cardiac skeleton

A

Annuli fibrosi
Trigonum fibrosum
Septum membranaceum

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29
Q

Annuli fibrosi locations

A

Base of aorta
Pulmonary artery
Openings of chambers

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30
Q

Trigonum fibrosum location

A

Cusps of aortic valve

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31
Q

Septum membranaceum location

A

Upper portion of interventricular septum

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32
Q

Function of septum membranaceum

A

Provide O and I for cardiac myocytes

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33
Q

Chordae tendinae CT type

A

Dense regular

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34
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain

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35
Q

Cause of angina

A

Slow narrowing of coronary vessels — less O2

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36
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rhythms

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37
Q

Dysrhythmia occurs when

A

Damage/death of Purkinje fibers

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38
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of pericardium

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39
Q

Tunica intima = continuation of heart’s

A

Endocardium

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40
Q

Tunica media = continuation of heart’s

A

Myocardium

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41
Q

Tunica adventitia = continuation of heart’s

A

Epicardium

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42
Q

3 types of arteries

A

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

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43
Q

Elastic arteries AKA

A

Conducting arteries

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44
Q

Tunica intima of elastic arteries

A

Attenuated endo
Thin/incomplete internal elastic lamina
Thicker CT

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45
Q

2 components of Tunica media of elastic arteries

A
  1. Thin layers of smooth muscle

2. Fenestrated sheets of elastic lamina

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46
Q

Tunica media of elastic arteries contains no

A

Fibroblasts

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47
Q

Outer portion of tunica media of elastic arteries

A

Contains vasa vasorum

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48
Q

Tunica adventitia of elastic arteries

A

Loose fibroelastic CT

Numerous Vasa vasorum

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49
Q

Function of vasa vasorum

A

Distribution of nutrients and O2

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50
Q

Which major luminal wall layer is thickest within elastic arteries

A

Tunica media

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51
Q

Muscular arteries AKA

A

Distributing arteries

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52
Q

Tunica intima of muscular arteries

A

Very thin

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53
Q

Tunica media of muscular arteries

A

Thickest/most dominant

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54
Q

Tunica media of muscular arteries is primarily

A

Smooth muscle

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55
Q

Tunica media of muscular arteries also contain ____ and ____ is possible

A

Elastic and reticular fibers, chondroitin sulfate

External elastic lamina

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56
Q

Tunica adventitia of muscular arteries

A

Fibro-elastic CT w/ sulfate GAGs and fibroblasts

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57
Q

Tunica adventitia of muscular arteries also contain

A

Vasa vasorum

Lots of sympathetics

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58
Q

Lots of sympathetics in tunica adventitia of muscular A help cause

A

Strong contraction over small area

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59
Q

Major luminal wall layer thickest/most dominant w/in muscular arteries

A

Tunica media

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60
Q

Tunica intima of arterioles internal elastic lamina

A

Possible but not likely

61
Q

Tunica media of arterioles made up of

A

1-2 layers of smooth muscle

No external elastic lamina

62
Q

Tunica adventitia of arterioles

A

Thin CT layer

63
Q

Importance of arterioles

A
  1. Lead to metaarterioles and capillaries

2. Smooth muscle typically partially contracted — contributes to BP

64
Q

Major luminal wall layer thickest/most dominant w/in arterioles

A

Tunica media

65
Q

Elastic artery changes w/ age

A

Width inc into 20’s

of elastic lamina inc in tunica media

66
Q

Muscular artery changes w/ age

A

Collagen/proteoglycans inc after middle age — dec flexibility

67
Q

Inc in systolic BP occurs w/ age due to dec in ____ and inc in ____

A

Elastic fibers; collagen I

68
Q

Tunica intima and arteriosclerosis

A

Infiltrated w/ soft lipids — dec lumen diameter

69
Q

Tunica media and arteriosclerosis

A

Collagen I and sulfated GAGs inc

70
Q

Why is endo of tunica intima prone to develop problems in elastic arteries

A

Fast moving blood, healing difficult

71
Q

Metaarterioles are short terminal branches that lack

A

True tunica media

72
Q

Metarterioles lead to ____ and ____ which lead to venules

A

Capillaries and thoroughfare channel

73
Q

Thoroughfare channel lacks

A

Tunica media

74
Q

Metaarterioles allows blood to _____ which promotes exchange of materials

A

Pulse through true capillaries

75
Q

AVA have thicker

A

Tunica media and adventitia

76
Q

AVA have many ANS nerves to control

A

Lumen size and amount of blood into capillaries

77
Q

Closed AVA in skin/stomach

A

Blooc into capillary bed as normal

78
Q

Closed AVA in skin/stomach promotes

79
Q

If AVA in skin/stomach opens most blood will

A

By-pass capillary bed

80
Q

AVA in erectile tissue is typically ___ therefore there is ___

A

Open; less blood into erectile tissue capillaries

81
Q

Closing AVA in erectile tissues

A

Sends blood into erectile tissue capillaries

82
Q

Blood flow into capillaries is controlled/influenced by

A
  1. Metarterioles
  2. AVAs
  3. Lumen size of term arteriole
  4. Precapillary sphincters
83
Q

Pinocytotic vesicles in capillaries form

A

Transient channels through cytoplasm

84
Q

Pinocytotic vesicles function

A

Movement of large molecules

85
Q

Cell junction type in capillaries

A

Fasciae occludens

86
Q

Functions of fasciae occludens

A

Exchange of macromolecules

Allow more cell movement

87
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

88
Q

MC capillary type

A

Continuous

89
Q

Locations of continuous capillaries

A

Muscle
CT
Organs

90
Q

Continuous capillaries contain

91
Q

Pericytes can secrete

A

Basement membrane

ECM components

92
Q

Pericytes can divide and change into

A

Smooth muscle
Endothelial cells
Fibroblasts

93
Q

Functions of pericytes

A

Healing

Regulate blood flow??

94
Q

Modified continuous capillary are found in

95
Q

Modified continuous capillary cell junction type

A

Zonula occludens

96
Q

Fenestrated capillaries located in

A

Pancreas
Intestines
Endo organs
Kidneys

97
Q

Structure of fenestrated capillaries

A

Pores w/ thin protein diaphragm (w/ 8 fibrils)

98
Q

Function of fenestrated capillary

A

Allow greater mvmt of molecules/cells

99
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries AKA

A

Discontinuous

100
Q

Locations of sinusoidal capillaries

A 
B marrow
Liver
Spleen
Lymphatics
Endo organs
101
Q

Structure of sinusoidal capillaries

A

Enlarged diameter

Large fenestrae w/ NO diaphragm

102
Q

Function of sinusoidal capillaries

A

Enhanced exchange btw blood/tissues

103
Q

Veins similar to arteries

104
Q

Veins different than arteries

A

Not as uniform
Larger diameter
Higher #

105
Q

Vein valve structure

A

2 flaps of tunica intima and fibroelastic CT

106
Q

Functions of valves

A
  1. Prevent backflow

2. Works w/ skeletal muscle to keep blood moving

107
Q

Postcapillary venules tunica intima

A

Endothelium
Small amt of CT
Numerous pericytes

108
Q

Postcapillary venules tunica media and adventitia

109
Q

Collecting venules tunica intima

A

Endothelium

Small amts of CT

110
Q

Collecting venules tunica media

111
Q

Collecting venules tunica adventitia

A

CT
Fibroblasts
Some pericytes

112
Q

Muscular venules tunica intima

113
Q

Muscular venules tunica adventitia

A

Present

Fewest pericytes

114
Q

Muscular venules tunica media

A

Incomplete smooth muscle layer

115
Q

An incomplete tunica media allows products of inflamm through to

A

Loosen endo cell junctions

End up w/ leaky venules

116
Q

Small vein structure

A

Similar to muscular venules — except complete tunica media

117
Q

Small vein most dominant major luminal wall layer

A

Tunica adventitia

118
Q

Medium veins tunica intima

A

Endo
Basal lamina
CT w/ reticular
Elastic fiber network (sometimes)

119
Q

Medium veins tunica media

A

Smooth muscle
Collagen
Fibroblasts

120
Q

Medium veins tunica adventitia

A

CT w/ collagen
Elastic fibers
Few smooth muscle cells

121
Q

Thickest and most dominant layer in medium veins

A

Tunica adventitia

122
Q

____ possible in medium vein tunica adventitia

A

Vasa vasorum

123
Q

Large veins tunica intima

A

Thicker CT w/ fibroblasts

Elastic fiber network

124
Q

Large veins tunica media

A

Complete but thin

125
Q

Large veins tunica adventitia

A

Lots fibroelastic CT and vasa vasorum

126
Q

Exceptions to typical vein structure

A

Superficial veins/legs
Pulmonary veins
SVC and IVC

127
Q

Superficial veins of legs tunica media

A

Well-developed

128
Q

Pulmonary veins tunica media _____ and tunica adventitia ____

A

Well developed; some cardiac ms

129
Q

SVC tunica adventitia

A

Some cardiac muscle

130
Q

IVC tunica adventitia

A

Some cardiac muscle

Some long smooth muscle

131
Q

Varicose veins possible causes

A

Loss of sk muscle tone
Degeneration of vessel wall
Valve incompetence

132
Q

Exophageal varices

A

Varicose veins in lower esophagus

Common in alcoholics (portal HTN)

133
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins at end of anal canal

134
Q

Functions of lymphatic vessels

A

Drain excess ISF
Transport lymph
- to lymph nodes
- to blood stream

135
Q

Lymphatic capillaries structurally resemble

A

Continuous blood capillaries

136
Q

Differences from continuous blood capillaries

A 
Blind ended
No pericytes
Endo cells overlap
No fenestrae/tight junctions
Anchoring filaments
137
Q

Reason for endothelial cells overlapping in lymphatic capillaries

A

Allow easy movement of materials into/out of vessels

138
Q

Function of anchoring filaments in lymphatics

A

Support endo walls so capillaries stay open

Hold to CT

139
Q

Small lymphatic vessels resemble

140
Q

Medium/large lymphatic vessels

A

Larger lumen
Thinner walls
Tunics blend together

141
Q

M/L lymphatic vessels tunica intima

A

Endo and thin layer of CT w/ elastic fibers

142
Q

M/L lymphatic vessels tunica media

A

Thin smooth ms layer

143
Q

M/L lymphatic vessels tunica adventitia

A

CT w/ collagen and elastic fibers

144
Q

M/L lymphatic vessels valves

A

Present

Closely spaced

145
Q

Lymphatic ducts empty into venous system at junction of

A

R internal jugular and subclavian veins

146
Q

2 major lymphatic ducts

A

R lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

147
Q

Tunica intima of lymphatic ducts

A

Endo
Layers of collagen/elastic fibers
Condensed elastic fibers

148
Q

Tunica media of lymphatic ducts

A

Longitudinal/circular layers of smooth ms

149
Q

Tunica adventitia of lymphatic ducts

A

Long muscle
Collagenous CT
Vasa vasorum-like vessels

Organ Histo (9 decks)

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