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ANIMSCI 3140 > Exam 3 - Digestive - Ruminants > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Digestive - Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Where digestion and absorption take place

A

Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

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2
Q

Alimentary tract

A

Tube that reaches from the mouth to the anus

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3
Q

Digestion x Absorption =

A

Nutrients actually available for the body

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4
Q

Digestion

A

Preparation of food for absorption

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Consists of the process that results in the passage of small molecules from the lumen of the GI tract through the mucosal cella’s lining the surface of the lumen and into the blood or lymph system

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6
Q

Teeth that do not continuously grow

A

Brachyodont

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7
Q

Teeth that continue to erupt

A

Hypsodont

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8
Q

Which type of teeth are better suited for abrasive, fiber or silica-based diets

A

Hypsodont

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9
Q

Purpose of these types of teeth:
Incisors -
Canines -
Molars -
Carnassial -

A

Incisors - Taking bites, ruminants only have bottom incisors
Canines - Tearing
Molars - Grinding/shearing
Carnassial - Shredding (like scissors)

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10
Q

Heterodonts possess more than one type of tooth what does this allow

A

Greater diversity of food choices

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11
Q

When molars erupt in the back and then migrate forwards

A

Medial drift

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12
Q

______ covers the trachea to block food

A

Epiglottis

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13
Q

Esophagus

A

A simple tube in the neck that carries food to the stomach

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14
Q

Equine stomach what jobs do the following parts have
1. Esophageal Sphincter
2. Cardia
3. Fundus
4. Pylorus
5. Duodenum

A
  1. Where food enters
  2. Mucus Secretion
  3. Acid/enzymes
  4. Fill indicator mucus
  5. Digests exit, increase pH
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15
Q

In the ________ if pH is not increased then nutrient absorption is _______ _________

A

Duodenum; not efficient

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16
Q

Small intestine function and components

A

Major site of nutrient absorption
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

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17
Q

Duodenum job

A

Brunner’s glands secrete musin to neutralize pH of stomach.

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18
Q

Jejunum job

A

Primary site of absorption, most blood flow (darker), contains Peyer’s patches

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19
Q

Ileum job

A

Continued absorption, contains most peyer’s patches for immune surveillance of the GIT, some hormone/mucus/enzyme secretiob

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20
Q

Once nutrients cross int the body from the GI tract, the nutrients enter the ______ (fat) or _______ (all other nutrients)

A

Lymph; blood

21
Q

Cecum job

A

Fermentation and microbial metabolism, breakdown of cellulose, VFA production and absorption

22
Q

Large intestine (colon) job

A

Water reabsorption, B-vitamin absorption, microbial metabolism

23
Q

When classifying animal’s digestive systems what do you look at first?

A

Where primary fermentation occurs

24
Q

Ruminant definition and examples

A

Four-compartmented stomach that form cud, regurgitate bolus, re-chew
Sheep, deer, cattle

25
Q

Pseudo-ruminants definition and examples

A

Ruminate, but three compartment stomachs rather than four
Llamas, alpacas

26
Q

Non-ruminant definition and examples

A

Mono gastric or simple stomach
Mouse, rat, dog, pig
Includes hind-gut fermenters like horses and pseudo-ruminants

27
Q

Animals ______ digest fiber themselves

A

Cannot

28
Q

Why can’t animals digest fiber?

A

They lack the enzymes to break down the fiber

29
Q

Gastric microbes harvest energy _________

A

Anaerobically

30
Q

The three primary VFAs

A

Acetic, propionic, butyric

31
Q

Are microbes innate?

A

No they must be acquired from the environment

32
Q

What element can you user yo make microbial protein

A

Nitrogen

33
Q

Microbes thrive in _____ , _____ places

A

Warm; moist

34
Q

What can microbes in the GI tract provide

A

VFA and vitamins B and K

35
Q

Order of the ruminants 4 stomachs

A
  1. Rumen
  2. Reticulum
  3. Omasum
  4. Abomasum
36
Q

Rumen

A

Giant fermentation vat consisting mostly of water, break food down to be absorbed

37
Q

Why is the rumen a pretty advantage

A

Can pack the rumen full and then don’t have to eat for a couple of days

38
Q

Rumination

A

Chew, swallow, mix, regurgitate bolus, early learned behavior (6 weeks)

39
Q

How do ruminants pull bolus up into mouth

A

Form a vacuum

40
Q

________ makes gas and ______ releases gas

A

Fermentation; erucatation

41
Q

______ is essential for developing early rumen and maintaining papillae

A

Grain

42
Q

Reticulum

A

Honeycomb shape, traps large feed particles from leaving the rumen

43
Q

Omasum

A

Spiky, many folds, filters water for recycling

44
Q

Abomasum

A

Smooth to protect from stomach acid, functions like a “true stomach”, chemical and enzymatic breakdown

45
Q

_________ _______ shunts milk into omasum in nursing animals to bypass microbial fermentation

A

Reticular groove

46
Q

Pseudo-ruminants C1

A

Larger first compartment (83%), full of symbiotic bacteria, no papillae, but highly absorptive VFAs, secretes buffers

47
Q

Pseudo-ruminants C2

A

Smaller middle compartment, full of symbiotic bacteria, mixing, motility and fermentation, filters material

48
Q

Pseudo-ruminants C#

A

Glandular stomach, first 4/5ths produce mucus last 1/5 produces gastric secretions

49
Q

Kangaroos

A

Foregut fermenters, not ruminants because divisions are made by muscular bans, some regurgitation but not true rumination

ANIMSCI 3140 (11 decks)

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